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A&P Chp 5 The Skin
Anatomy & Physiology I - Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium; outermost layer protective shield of skin? | Epidermis |
| Name the four cells of the Epidermis? | Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhan cells (AKA epidermal dendritic cells), and Merkel cells |
| What produces a fibrous protective protein called keratin? | Keratinocytes |
| What epithelial cells synthesize the pigment melanin? | Melanocytes |
| What has macrophages that help activate the immune system? | Langerhans cells |
| What cells is associated with sensory nerve endings? | Merkel cells |
| Name the FIVE layers of the epidermis in order? | 1) Corneum 2) Luciderm 3) Granulosum 4) Spinosum 5) Basale (Cookie-Lovers-Gets-Sugar-Brown) |
| Stratum means... | layer |
| What is the deepest epidermal layer and is the site of mitosis; germinating layer? | Basale layer |
| What has several cell layers thick and contains keratinocytes, melanin granules, and the highest concentration of Langerhans' cells? | Spinosum (prickly layer) |
| What contains keratinocytes that are undergoing a great deal of physical changes, turning them into tough outer cells of the epidermis? | Granulosum |
| What is found only in the thick skin and is complsed of the dead keratinocytes? | Lucidum |
| What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? | Corneum |
| What is the second major skin region, is strong, flexible connective tissue? | Dermis |
| Name the two dermis layers? | Papillary and Reticular |
| The thin, highly areolar layer connective tissue containing a woven mat of collagen and elastin fibers is called... | Papillary |
| What is a dense irregular connective tissue layer called? | Reticular |
| Name the three pigment skin color. | Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin |
| What is a polymer made of tyrosine amino acids, yellow to reddish-brown to black in color? | Melanin |
| What is the layer of skin beneath of the dermis and is composed of adipose? | Hypodermis |
| Sweat glands is also called... | sudoriferous glands |
| Name the two types of sweat glands: | eccrine and apocrine |
| What glands produce true sweat, are most numerous, and are mostly on the palms of hands, soles of feet, and forehead; also called merocrine sweat glands? | Eccrine |
| What is confined to the axillary and anogenital areas and produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins? | Apocrine sweat glands |
| Modified sweat glands found lining the ear canal that secrete ear wax, or cerumen is called... | Ceruminous glands |
| Modified sweat glands found in the breasts that secrete milk is called... | Mammary glands |
| What is a simple alveolar glands found all over the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet that secrete sebum, an oily secretion; function as holocrine glands secreting their product into a hair follicle or to the pore of the skin? | Sebaceous oil glands |
| Name the THREE hair center layers cells: | Medulla (core), cortex (surrounds the medulla), cuticle (single layer) |
| Hairs can be classified as... | vellus or terminal |
| The body hair of children and adult females is of the pale, fine hair called... | vellus |
| The coarser, londer hair of the eyebrows and scalp is called... | terminal |
| Hair growth and density are influenced mostly importantly by... | nutrition and hormones |
| On an average, how many scalp hairs do we loose daily? | 90 |
| Hair thinning and some degree of baldness is called... | alopecia |
| What is the most common type, male pattern baldness determined by? | gene and sex-influenced condition |
| A scale-like modification of the epidermis; made up of hard keratin and have a fee edge, a body, and a proximal root is called... | Nails |
| The deeper layers beneath the nail is called.. | nail bed |
| The thickened part of the nail bed is called... | nail matrix |
| What is another name of cuticle? | Eponychium |
| The part beneath the free edge where dirt and debris are collected is called... | hyponychium |
| Name the THREE types of skin barriers: | chemical, physical, and biological |
| Name the skin functions: | Protection, Body temp., Cutaneous sensation, Metabolic, Blood reservoir, and Excretion |
| What barriers include skin secretions and melanin? | Chemical |
| What barriers provides the continuity of skin and the hardness of its keratinized cells? | Physical or Mechanical |
| What is the waterproofing epidermis that block the diffusion of water? | glycolipids |
| Name the FIVE substances that DO penetrate the skin in limited amounts: | 1) lipid-soluble 2) oleoresins 3) organic solvents 4) salts of heavy meterals 5) drugs agent called penetration enhancers |
| What is the barrier that include Langerhans' cells of the epidermis, macrophages of the dermis, and DNA? | biological |
| What does body temperature regulation do? | sweat glands, constriction of the dermal blood vessels |
| What has a sensory receptors and is part of the nervous system? | Cutaneous sensation |
| Name the function that makes vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. | Metabolic |
| How many percent can the blood reservoir hold in the body blood supply? | up to 5% |
| Nitrogen-containing wastes are eliminated from the body in sweat is... | Excretion |
| What is an important avenue for water and salt (sodium chloride) loss? | profuse sweating |
| The most common skin disorders are... | bacterial, viral, or yeast infections |
| What layer handles germinating? | basale |
| Name the two stratums that can be found in the palm and soles: | Lucidum and corneum |
| What are holocrine glands? | sebaceous oil glands |
| What are the ABCD (E) rule? | A=asymmetry, B=border irregularly, C=color, D=diameter, E=elevation |
| What is the least malignant and the most common skin cancer? | basal cell carcinoma |
| Grow rapidly and metastasize if not removed. | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Most dangerous skin cancer and highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. | melanoma |
Created by:
kenstack
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