Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
UP10 Chapter 3
Neuroscience and Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neurons | Nerve cells, the basic elements of the nervous system. |
| Dendrite | A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons. |
| Axon | The part of the neuron that carries messages destined for other neurons. |
| Terminal Buttons | Small bulges at the end of axons that send messages to other neurons. |
| Myelin Sheath | A protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon. |
| All-or-None Law | The rule that neurons are either on or off. |
| Resting State | The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within a neuron. |
| Action Potential | An electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron's axon when it is set off by a "trigger," changing the neuron's charge from negative to positive. |
| Mirror Neurons | Specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior. |
| Synapse | The space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite (and sometimes the cell body) of a receiver neuron. |
| Excitatory Message | A chemical message that makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon. |
| Inhibitory Message | A chemical message that prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire. |
| Reuptake | The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button. |
| Central Nervous System | The part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. |
| Spinal Cord | A bundle of neurons that leaves the brain and runs down the length of the back and is the main means for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. |
| Reflex | An automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus. |
| Sensory (afferent) Neurons | Neurons that transmit information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system. |
| Motor (efferent) Neurons | Neurons that communicate information from the nervous system to muscles and glands. |
| Interneurons | Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons, carrying messages between the two. |
| Peripheral Nervous System | The part of the nervous system that includes the autonomic and somatic subdivisions; made up of neurons with long axons and dendrites, it branches out from the spinal cord and brain and reaches the extremities of the body. |
| Somatic Division | The part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organs. |
| Autonomic Division | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary movement of the heart, glands, lungs, and other organs. |
| Sympathetic Division | The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism's resources to respond to a threat. |
| Parasympathetic Division | The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to calm the body after an emergency has ended. |
Created by:
lizhopper2
Popular Psychology sets