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Psychology Unit 3

QuestionAnswer
Sleep disorders Sleep Apnea-Breathing stops for a brief period due to genetic complex. Narcolepsy-Individual falls asleep suddenly with no warning.
Biological rhythms (circadian, endogenous, etc) Endogenous-Internal clock Entrainment-Influenced by environmental cues Circadian- Once every 24 hours
Operant conditioning* Perform operant response. After performance of response, consequence for behavior occurs.
Classical conditioning* The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar response
Deductive and Inductive reasoning Deductive-If a premise is true, then the conclusion must be true (A+B=C). Inductive reasoning- though a premise may appear to be true, it may also not be true.
Sensitization & Habituation Behavioral changes resulting from prior experience. Habituation-Decrease in responsiveness caused by repeated presentation of stimulus.
Learning Relatively permanent changes in mechanisms of behavior that result from experience.
Symmetry Understanding of correspondence of parts
Transitivity Form of logical reasoning where if a=b and b=c. Then a must equal c.
Sudden insight Task activating memories or knowledge which nonconscious mental processes work on. Solution “bursts” into consciousness.
Hypothalamus & SCN Through action of hormones hypothalamus and SCN regulate circadian rhythm.
Theories of intelligence Sternbergs triarchic-three intelligences (Analytical-info processing, creative, and practical intelligence). Gardner’s Theory- 8 types:Linguistics, logico-mathmatical, musical, visual-spactial, bodily kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal
Hypnosis (misconceptions about it)* Responsiveness depends on the person. People under hypnosis cannot be made to do things against their moral values. People cannot perform extraordinary mental or physical feats. Does not increase accuracy of memory.
Ways to observe learning Modeling-Observing and imitating behavior of others.
Types of drugs & their effects on people* Stimulants-Speeds up CNS activity. Caffeine/cocaine. Depressants- Decreases CNS activity. Alcohol. Opiates Psychedelics
Performance Proof of learning
Difference between classical & operant conditioning Classical conditioning- the process by which a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response. Operant conditioning-any behavior performed repeatedly because it previously produced a specific consequence,
Elements of cognitive thought Concepts-Building blocks of life. Propositions-Link concepts together to form complex networks of information. Cognitive schemes-Mental structures that organize information. Mental images-Mental representations.
Types of mental processing (subconscious, conscious, etc) Subconscious- Allows us to handle more information at one time. Conscious thought-Known actions.
Propositions Link concepts together to form complex networks of information.
Cognitive schemes Mental structures that organize information. Make sense or our experiences.
Tolerance and withdrawal Tolerance-getting used to a drug, takes longer to feel affects leading up to addiction. Withdrawal-Discontinuation of a drug, causing strong cravings.
IQ Intelligence quotients- value obtained from an intelligence test. Measure of general reasoning.
Higher-order conditioning A neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus by being paired with an existing conditioned stimulus.
Learned taste aversions Takes one pairing of stimulus and getting sick to learn to dislike.
Stimulus discrimination Do not perform conditioned response to stimulus similar to the one you were conditioned with.
Types of reinforcement procedures in operant conditioning* (Positive) Positive reinforcement-increases likelihood of performing operant response. Positive punishment-Decreases the likelihood of operant response.
Types of reinforcement procedures in operant conditioning* (Negative) Negative reinforcement-Performance of operant response prevents or stops presentation of aversive stimulus (escape) Negative punishment-Performance of operant response causes good stimulus to be taken away.
Types of sleep* REM-Rapid eye movement. The body is restless and dreams are vivid. Non-REM-Little eye movement calm, regular breathing and heart rate. Dreams are realistic “Deep sleep”
Extinction Weakening or eventual disappearance of learned response
Observational learning Modeling-Observing and imitating behavior of others.
Created by: Priyanka_sharma
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