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A & P 01 C

CanColl May12 MCQ AP1 C

QuestionAnswer
ICF = intracellular fluid - inside the cell - main cation is postassium K+ (postively charged)
ECF = extracellular fluid - outside the cell - aka - institial fluid - main cation is sodium Na+ and main anion is choride Cl-
the inside of the cell is more negative or more positive than the outside of the cell more negative
what are the main types of passive transport across the cell membrane? diffusion and osmosis
what is the most important or main type of active transport across the cell membrane? the sodium/potassium pump - moves (3)sodium out of the cell and brings (2) potassium in
Name the four main types of tissue epithelium, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue
which type of tissue is blood connective tissue
blood is made up of these three cells erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
What is the role of each of the cell types in blood? RBC - transports O2 and CO2 WBC - immunity, phagocytosis and allergic reactions Platelets - important in clotting
compact bone is comprised of many.... osteons aka Haversian systems. Each osteon is made up of four main structures.
what are the four main structures which make up an osteon? lamellae - rings of fibres that give strength, lacunae - spaces that contain osteocytes, canaliculi - channels providing routes for nutrients and waste, central canal - vascular + nerves
what is the basic unit of compact bones the oseon aka the Haversian system
what does the red bone marrow do? produces red blood cells
what does the yellow bone marrow do? contains energy in the form of triglycerides (fats)
functions of the skin regulation of body temp, protection, sensation, excretion, immunity, blood reservoir, synthesis of Vitamin D
of the four tissue types - which one is avascular: epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve... epithelial tissue is avascular
name the five layers (strata) of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
under the epidermis is a layer called the dermis
the dermis is made up of two layers called superficial - papillary and deeper - reticular region
what layer of skin creates your unique pattern - called fingerprints the papillary region of the dermis
the dermis is attached to the underlying organs by what layer the subcutaneous layer aka hypodermis
which layer is avascular? epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous epidermis
skin colour is a result of what pigments melanin, carotene and hemoglobin
albinism is: an inherited inability to produce melanin
vitiligo is: a partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin - resulting in irregular white spots
sebaceous glands are also known as oil glands
sebaceous glands are found where on the body - and secret what substance? found all over the body - except the palms and soles - secret sebum
sudoriferous glands are also known as sweat glands
the main function of sweat glands is to regulate body temp and remove body waste
what are the two types of sweat glands eccrine and apocrine
which type of sweat gland is more common: eccrine or apocrine? eccrine - they are throughout the skin - except for lips, nail beds, penis, clitoris, labia and eardrums. They are most numerous on palms and soles.
apocrine sweat glands are found where? mostly in the axilla, pubic and areolae regions
how are apocrine glands different from eccrine their secretion is more viscous than eccrine - they begin to function at puberty and are stimulated during stress or sexual excitement
what are the special sweat glands of the ear called? ceruminous glands
what to ceruminous glands secrete? cerumen (ear wax)
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves
the PNS can be subdivided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system ANS can be further divided into the: Sympathetic Nervous division and the parasympathetic Nervous division
Afferent describes sensory nerves - passing information from the PNS to the CNS
What are the main two routes for afferent nerves within the spinal cord spinothalamic tracts - pain, temp, crude touch and deep pressure; posterior column tracts - proprioception, discriminative touch, pressure and vibrations.
Efferent decribes motor nerves - passing information from the CNS to the PNS
the two main routes for efferent nerves within the spinal cord direct (pyramidal) pathway - precise, voluntary movement of skeletal mm ; indirect (extrapyramidal) pathway - autonomic movements, also vision, mm tone, equilibrium
known as fast, predictable, automatic responses to changes in the environment: reflexes
how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? 12 pairs
how many cranial nerves are there? 24 (remember - 12 pairs)
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? 31 pairs
how many spinal nerves are there? 62
How do I remember those numbers simple 1231 12 pairs and 31 pairs... 1231..
name the five functional components of a reflex arc receptor, sensory neuron, integrating centre, motor neuron, effector
name the parts of the brainstem in descending order. mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata (plus the reticular formation throughout)
name the parts of the diencephalon epithalamus, subthalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus
what are the functions of the parts of the diencephalon? epithalamus (melatonin, sleep, biological clock), thalamus (central processing unit, subthalamus (connects to motor areas of cerebrum) hypothalamus (regulates ANS)
what is the largest part of the brain? cerebrum - contains gyri, fissures and sulci
name the lobes of the cerebrum frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
Created by: Hanz Onn
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