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CFR-SF013-A
Test data for CFR-SF013-A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does CFR stand for? | Community First Responder. |
| What are the CFR's duties? | - Attend appropriate emergency calls. - Provide necessary treatment. - Accurately document, record and inform the attending ambulance resource. - Provide continuing care. - Remain at scene until released by an ambulance resource. |
| What does SCAS stands for? | South Central Ambulance Service |
| What does EOC mean? | Emergency Operations Centre |
| What type of incidents a CFR can attend? | - Collapse - Cardio-respiratory arrest - Respiratory emergencies - Cardiac emergencies - Neurological - Accidents (home, work etc) - Other medical emergencies |
| Incidents NOT attended... | - Fire - Known violence - Mental health - Road traffic accidents - Maternity and gynaecological incidents - Prison, detention centre, police cell |
| What is CAD and what is it ised for? | - Computer Aided Despatch - All phones receive pre-alert messages which are generated by CAD within the EOC. |
| What must you consider whilst responding to an emergency incident? | - Fast Text to EOC - Adhere to all road traffic rules - Parking safety (ensuring ambulance access) - Patient report form (PRF) - Clothing/Shoes - No alcohol or drugs prior or during the shift - Patient consent - Safety/ Danger |
| What does PRF stand for? | Patient report form |
| As a CFR you must make every effort to keep safe. Give 3 examples of how this can be achieved. | 1. Introduce yourself (check for danger) 2. Follow/Do NOT lead (mental note of exits) 3. Claim you need equipment from car if situation requires it |
| As a CFR you may experience something that might affect you personally when attending an incident. Whom may you consider seeking support from? | - Family/Friends - Scheme coordinator/member of ambulance service - Trained councilor - GP - CFR welfare officer |
| When you need to find out information from your patient, list three possible communication skills you can use. | - Calm approach/Introduction - Respect personal space/Culture - Use non verbal techniques (smiling) - Give time to answer - Use open questions, e.g. So what you are saying is... |
| Give 3 examples of what must be present in both adults ad children for you to judge they are competent to make decisions. | Patient must be: - Able to understand and retain information - Able to use the information - Able to communicate their answers |
| Who may legally be classed as having parental responsibility? | - Mother always - Father if married to mother/acquired legal responsibility - Legal guardian - Residence order - Local authority - Emergency protection order |
| If at any time there are any issues regarding consent for assessment or treatment for any patient, regardless of age, who must you contact? | EOC for advice and assistance |
| As a CFR we must respect patient confidentiality at all times and follow a few simple rules. Provide 3 people to whom it may not be appropriate to disclose confidential details to: | - Relatives/Neighbours - Bystanders - Press |
| To whom may you safely handover patient information to? | To the next person who will be directly responsible for the patient, e.g. ambulance crew |
| As a CFR you are a vital link in 'keeping it clean'. What simple rules must you adhere to? | - Keep cuts and grazes covered at all times - Good personal hygiene - Nails short and clean - Wash hands afterwards - Clinical waste disposed of in the yellow bag - Do not re-use consumables |
| What does T.I.L.E help you remember? | - Task (is it necessary?) - Individual (can I do it?) - Load (how heavy is it?) - Environment (do I have space?) |
| The skeleton has several key functions. What are they? | - Support - Protection - Movement - Mineral storage - Blood cells |
| The skeleton is made up of how many bones? | 206 |
| What two causes of injury are likely to fracture a bone? | - Direct force - Indirect force (e.g. during a fall land on outstretched arm -> fractures the shoulder joint) |
| The respiratory system has four principle functions. What are they? | - Extract oxygen - Excrete water vapour, CO2, other waste gases - Maintain acidity of blood - Ventilation of lungs |
| What is the approximate percentage of oxygen within atmospheric air? | ~21% |
| What factors may lead to an increase in our breathing rate? | - Exercise - Asthma - Emphysema (COPD) - Bronchitis |
| What is COPD? | COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - e.g. emphysema - chronic bronchitis |
| Breathing rates may increase due to: | - Exercise - Fever - Shock - Medical (i.e. pneumonia, bronchitis etc) |
| Breathing rates may decrease due to: | - Control problems i.e. CVA, brain injury - Mechanical problems, i.e. chest injury - Drug overdoses |
| What is CVA? | Stroke (Cardio Vascular Accident) |
| How long does it take for "Brain Death" to occur and why? | Brain Death will start to occur after just 3 minutes without oxygen |
| Give 3 potential indications for use of oxygen. | - Cardiac / Respiratory arrest - Stroke - Chest pain - Trauma - Seizure (prolonged) - Toxic syndromes |
| What does insufficient oxygen lead to: | Hypoxia |
| What is hypoxia? | The condition which the level of oxygen in the body becomes too low to meet the cell's needs. |
| What are the most common causes of hypoxia? | - Blood loss (severe) - Head injuries (chest) - Heart disease - Respiratory illness - Shock |
| How is oxygen administered? | Delivery via: - A non-rebreather oxygen mask - BVM device |
| What does BVM stand for? | Bag Valve Mask |
| What is a BVM and what is it used for? | A Bag Valve Mask is a hand-held device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately. |
| What is the recommended oxygen administration rate? | Should always be the max of 15 litres per min to achieve the desired SPO2 level (recommended is in between 10-15 lt/min) |
| What is Pulse Oximetry? | A simple non-invasive method of measuring the level of oxygen saturation of the patient's haemoglobin within arterial blood. |
| Pulse Oximetry: What is the range of a normal reading for oxygen saturation? | 94% - 98% |
| Pulse Oximetry: What is the range of reading for evidence of hypoxia? | 90% - 93% |
| Pulse Oximetry: What is the range which represents CRITICAL hypoxia? | 85% or less |
| Pulse Oximetry: What is the range of SPO2 for a COPD patient? | - Normally between 88% - 92% - Usually have oxygen administration warning cards |
| Is oxygen administration good for children? | - Children are NOT excluded from SPO2 monitoring - ALL children with significant illness and/or injury must receive HIGH levels of supplementary oxygen (if possible) |
| Would oxygen administration be recommended to a known carbon monoxide poisoning patient? | Known Carbon Monoxide poisoning will cause the results to be "artificially elevated", therefore SPO2 should NOT be used. |
| Give 3 reasons for inaccurate pulse oximetry SPO2 readings. | - Dirty fingers - Bright light - Cold extremities/shivering - False nails/nail varnish - Carbon Monoxide poisoning - Irregular cardiac rhythms |
| What is the range in beats/min for a healthy heart? | Approx 60 - 100 times per minute |
| What questions should be asked for a Primary Assessment History of a patient? | (Always DRAB) - What's the main problem? - What are the symptoms? - When did it start? - How bad is the primary symptom? - Has anything changed? - Has this happened before? - Do they take medication? - Any known allergies - Consider Mechanism of |
| What information needs to be communicated when there is a patient handover? | - Name - Age - Primary Concern - Brief history of incident - Signs & symptoms - Any treatment provided - Outcome of any treatment - Past medical history - Medication (if known) - Any know allergies |
| What needs to be considered when making a Primary Assessment? | DRAB: - Danger - Response - Airway - Breathing |
| What is DRAB used for? | DRAB is the Primary Assessment: - Danger (scene safety, PPE, gloves) - Response (Alert, Voice, Pain Unresponsive) - Airway (is it open? if not, open it) - Breathing (yes or no? for 10sec 2+ breaths) |
| What does AVPU help us remember? | AVPU is used for assessing the response of a patient: - Alert (eyes open?) - Voice (their name or direct command) - Pain (tap shoulder, pinch earlobe) - Unresponsive |
| Name 3 causes which can cause unconsciousness. | - Faint - Imbalance of heat - Shock - Head injury - Stroke - Heart Condition - Asphyxia - Poisoning (inc alcohol) - Epilepsy - Diabetes |
| What is the Recovery Position? | A safe position for a patient which maintains an open airway. It allows body fluids to drain from the mouth, e.g. vomit |
| Which side should pregnant women be placed when on the recovery position? | Pregnant women MUST only be put on their LEFT hand side |
| What age is safe to use pocket masks from? | Pocket Masks may be used on patients of ANY age (filters are for single patient use only) |
| Basic Life Support: What is the recommended depth of a chest compression? | 5-6cm (100-120 compressions / min) |
| What does CPR stand for? | Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation |
| What is the min age limit for using a Bag Valve Mask (BVM)? | The Bad Valve Mask (BVM) device cannot be used on any patients who are known to be under 16 years of age. |
| What is the min age limit for using a Oropharyngeal Airway? | OP airways may only be used on patients age 16 years and above - Green : small - Orange : medium - Red : large |
| What does an Oropharyngeal (OP) Airway used for? | Prevents the tongue from obstructing the airway |
| What does PPE stand for? | Personal Protective Equipment, e.g. gloves etc |
| Name 3 causes for a Paediatric Cardiac Arrest. | - Respiratory problems (60%) (e.g. broncholitis, asthma, pneumonia) - Sepsis (major infection) - Dehydration - Electrocution - Heart defect (congenital) - Hypovolaemia |
| Paediatric Basic Life Support (BLS): Which position should a small infant be placed to keep the airway open? | For babies / small infants, the head should always remain in NEUTRAL alignment. |
| Paediatric Basic Life Support (BLS): Which position should a toddler/child be placed to keep the airway open? | For toddlers / children, a small application of head tilt/chin lift should be applied to achieve a position known as "Sniffing The Morning Air" |
| What does AED stand for? | Automated External Defibrillation |
| What age range should paediatric AED pads used? | Paediatric AED (Automated External Defibrillation) pads may be used on any cardiac arrest patient between 1-8 years of age. |
| Describe the steps taken when treating a child with cardiac arrest. | - Commence CPR with 5 rescue breaths - 30:2 for 1 minute prior to using the AED - Paediatric AED pads should be used for children between 1-8 years of age |
| What is Hyperventilation? | A particularly high and shallow rate of breathing. |
| Name 3 causes of Hyperventilation. | - Anger - Anxiety - Fear - Emotional |
| Name 3 symptoms which will indicate a Heart Attack. | - Crushing central chest pain - Left arm, face or jaw pain - Shortness of breath - Sweating - Nausea/vomiting |
| Above what age can aspirin be administered safely? | Aspirin may only be administered to patients over 16 years of age presenting with a cardiac sounding pain that is not exacerbated/eased by inspiration/expiration and who are not contra-indicated |
| Name 3 reasons that aspirin should not be administered to patients. | - Never under 16 years of age - Known allergy - Haemophilia - Gastric/peptic ulcer |
| Describe what Anaphylaxis is and how can be recognised. | - A severe over-reaction of the body's normal protective defences (histamine) - Massive drop in blood pressure - Generalised swelling |
| Name 3 causes of Anaphylaxis. | - Insect stings/bites - Food, e.g. nuts - Drugs |
| What does FAST stand for? | FAST is used to recognise symptoms of stroke: - Face - Arms - Speech - Test |
| Diabetic Emergencies: What is Hypoglycaemia? | Low blood sugar level - Rapid, shallow breathing - Slow pulse - Pale, sweaty - Irritable, confused |
| Diabetic Emergencies: What is Hyperglycaemia? | High blood sugar level - Slow, deep breathing - Rapid pulse - Flushed, dry skin - Tiredness, lethargy, drowsiness |
| When should paediatric AED pads be used? | For patients under 8 years of age in need of defibrillation paediatric pads should be used if available (see exceptions) |
| State the exception for not using paediatric pads in patients under 8 years of age. | Paediatric pads should be used for all children under 8 years of age. If not available, adult pads will be used on a child/infant (of any age) if they are in a shockable rhythm; defibrillation must still be undertaken immediately (08/06/12) |
Created by:
billyr
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