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Myology 1
Lecture 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscles of the neck functionality | mm cross the joints of the cervical spine they can move neck at cervical spinal joints.if a muscle crosses atlanto-occipital jt it can move head upon the neck |
| muscles of neck general rules | divided into anterior and posterior muscles, posterior mm extends neck,anterior muscles flex neck, lateral muscles laterally flex neck,if muscle wraps around neck causes rotation of the neck |
| anterior muscles | superficial 2,hyoids 8(infra 4 and supra 4),scalenes 3, deep 4 |
| posterior muscles | superficial 4, deep 4 |
| superficial muscles of the anterior neck | platysma,sternocleidomastoid |
| platysma | primarily a mm of facial expression,weblike,one side blends with contralateral side and other facial mm in lower face.remnant of panniculus carnosus found in 4 legged animal.horse to shake off flies,contracted=creature from black lagoon |
| sternocleidomastoid | SCM,since attaches to sternum it is considered an accessory muscle of respiration. |
| platysma OIAN | O=subcutaneous fascia of superior chest,I=mandible and subcutaneous fascia of lower face,A=draws up the skin of superior chest and neck,creating ridges in neck skin.assist in drawing the lip laterally and depresses the mandible.N=CNVII facial nn |
| SCM OIAN | O=sternal head:manubrium/clavicular head:medial clavicle.I=mastoid process.A=bilateral flex of neck,unilateral lateral flex and contralateral rotation of neck/head (ROSS).CNXI spinal accessory nn |
| Infrahyoid muscles of the anterior neck | below hyoid,pull hyoid bone inferiorly,move or fixate hyoid bone=functions necessary for chewing,swallowing,speech.sternohyoid,sternothyroid,thyrohyoid,omohyoid |
| hyoid bone | free floating no articulations, held in place by muscles, drops down when swallow |
| sternohyoid | infrahyoid mm, attaches from sternum to hyoid bone |
| sternothyroid | infrahyoid mm, attaches from sternum to thyroid cartilage |
| thyrohyoid | infrahyoid mm,attaches from thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone, dual action=elevates thyroid and depresses hyoid |
| omohyoid | infrahyoid mm, attaches from shoulder to hyoid |
| sternohyoid OIAN | O=posterior aspect of the the manubrium and medial clavicle.I=inferior hyoid.A=depression of hyoid.N=Ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus |
| ansa cervicalis | nerve loop off of cervical plexus.innervates sternohyoid,sternothyroid,omohyoid |
| sternothyroid OIAN | O=posterior sternum and 1st costal cartilage(1st rib).I=thyroid cartilage.A=depression of thyroid cartilage.N=ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus |
| thyrohyoid OIAN | O=thyroid cartilage.I=hyoid inferior aspect.A=2 actions=depress hyoid and elevate thyroid cartilage, speech, chew, swallow with tongue.N=CNXII hypoglassal nn |
| omohyoid OIAN | O=2 Bellys=inferior belly-superior angle of the scapula/superior belly-clavicle via the central tendon to the clavicle.I=inf belly-clavicle via central tendon to clavicle/sup belly-hyoid.A=depress hyoid.N=ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus |
| suprahyoid muscles of the anterior neck | digastric,sylohyoid,mylohyoid,geniohyoid |
| digastric | suprahyoid mm,2 origins,external carotid lies inferior and deep to anterior belly |
| stylohyoid | suprahyoid mm,external carotid lies inferior and deep to stylohyoid |
| mylohyoid | suprahyoid mm,molar teeth |
| geniohyoid | suprahyoid mm,chin |
| digastric OIAN | 2 origins/2nn. O=post belly:mastoid notch of temporal bone.Ant belly:inner surface of mandible.I=hyoid (via central tendon).A=elevation of hyoid,depression and retraction of mandible.N=anterior belly=CNV trigeminal nn/posterior belly=CNVII facial nn |
| stylohyoid OIAN | O=styloid process of temporal bone.I=hyoid.A=elevation of hyoid.N=CNVII facial nn |
| mylohyoid OIAN | O=entire inner surface of the mandible(mm forms muscular floor of the mouth.I=hyoid.A=elevation of hyoid and depress mandible.N=CNV trigeminal nn |
| geniohyoid OIAN | O=inner surface of mandible deep to the mylohyoid.I=hyoid.A=elevation of hyoid.N=CNXII hypoglossal nn |
| muscles of the anterior neck scalenes | A/M/P scalenes.as a group they attach superiorly from cervical TP's to inferiorly on the 1st and 2nd ribs,flex and laterally flex neck,reverse mm action elevate 1st rib and 2nd rib,accessory mm of respiration. |
| anterior scalene OIAN | ROSS,O=anterior tubercles of TP's of C3-C6.I=1st rib.A=bilat flexes neck,unilat lateral flex and contralateral rotation.rev mm action elevate 1st rib.N=ventral rami of the cervical spinal nn |
| ROSS | Rotate oposite side, same side lateral flex |
| 2 ROSS muscles | SCM and Anterior scalenes |
| middle scalenes OIAN | |
| Posterior scalenes OIAN | |
| muscles injured during MVA called whiplash | SCM and scalenes |
| CAD | MVA=cervical acceleration deceleration injury |
| muscles of anterior neck deep prevertebral group | prevertebral mm,bilat neck flex. lie directly on cervical spine vertebral bodies,fixating(stabilizing) neck and head while talking,swallowing,coughing,sneezing.injured during CAD.Longus colli,Longus capitis,rectus capitis anterior,rectus capitis lateralis |
| longus colli | 3 parts.superior oblique,inferior oblique,vertical,considered strong neck flexors. |
| longus colli OIAN | |
| longus capitis OIAN | |
| rectus capitis anterior OIAN | |
| rectus capitis lateralis OIAN |
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