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The type of research relying on qualitative research data.
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Type of research in which quantitative and qualtitative data or approaches are combined in a single study.
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PSY 220 Ch 13
Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The type of research relying on qualitative research data. | Qualitative research |
| Type of research in which quantitative and qualtitative data or approaches are combined in a single study. | Mixed methods research |
| Only noticing data that support one's prior expectations. | Researcher bias |
| Thinking critically about one's interpretations and biases. | Reflexivity |
| Searching for cases that challenge one's expecation or one's current findings. | Negative-case sampling |
| The factual accuracy of the account reported by the researcher. | Descriptive validity |
| Use of multiple investigators to collect and interpret the data. | Investigator triangulation |
| Accurately portraying the participants' subjective viewpoints and meanings. | Interpretive validity |
| Member checking to see if participants afree with the researcher's statements, itnerpretations, and conclusions. | Participant feedback |
| Descriptors that are very close to participants' words or are direct verbatim quotes. | Low-inference descriptors |
| Degree to which the theory or explanation fits the data. | Theorhetical validity |
| Spending enough time in the field to fully understand what is being studied. | Extended fieldwork |
| The use of multiple theories or perspectives to aid in interpreting the data. | Theory triangulation |
| Construction and testing of a complex hypothesis. | Pattern matching |
| Discussing your interpretations with one's peers and collegeues. | Peer review |
| A single intentional action for a particular person in a local situation with an obeservable result. | Ideographic causation |
| The standard view of causation in science; refers to causal relationships among variables. | Nomological causation |
| Metaphor applied to researcher looking for the local cause of a single event. | Researcher-as-detective |
| Use of multiple research methods or methods of data collection. | Methods triangulation |
| Use of multiple sources of data. | Data triangulation |
| Generalization, based on similarity, made by the reader of a research report. | Naturalistic generalization |
| Generalization of a theorhetical explanation beyond the particular research study. | Theorhetical generalization |
| Qualitative research method where the researcher attempts to understand and describe how one or more participants experience a phenomenon. | Phenomenology |
| A person's subjective inner world of experience. | Life world |
| Words, phrases, or sentence length participant statements that the researcher thinks vividly communicate the participant's experience. | Significant statements |
| Phenomenological structure of the experience. | Essence |
| Qualitative research method that focuses on the discovery and description of the culutre of a group of people. | Ethnography |
| The shared beliefs, values, practices, language norms, rituals, and material things that the members of a group use to interpret and understand their world. | Culture |
| Statements or conventions that people sharing a culture hold to be true or false. | Shared beliefs |
| Culturally defined standards about that is good or bad or desirable or undesireable. | Shared values |
| Written and unwritten rules specifying how people in a group are supposed to think and act. | Norms |
| Idea that a whole, such as culture, is more than the sum of its individual parts. | Holism |
| The insider's perspective. | Emic perspective |
| The researcher's external or "objective outsider" perspective. | Etic perspective |
| Data collection method in which the researcher becomes an active participant in the group being ivestigated. | Participant observation |
| Group members who control a researcher's access to the group. | Gatekeepers |
| Nontypical behavior of participants because of the presence of the researcher. | Reactive effect |
| A general term for data collection in ethnographic research. | Fieldwork |
| Judgement of people in other cultures based on the standards of your culture. | Ethnocentric |
| Overidentification with the group being stuided so that one loses any possibility of objectivity. | Going native |
| Notes taken by the researcher during (or immediately after) one's observations in the field. | Fieldnotes |
| Qualitiative research method in which the researcher provides a detailed description and account of one or more cases. | Case study |
| A bounded system | Case |
| Case study in which the researcher is only interested in understanding the individual case. | Intrinsic case study |
| Case study in which the researcher studies a case in order to understand something more general than the particular case. | Instrumental case study |
| Study of multiple cases for the purpose of comparison. | Collective case study |
| Another name for a collective case study. | Comparative case study |
| Case study analysis in which cases are compared and contrasted. | Cross-case analysis |
| Methodology for generating and developing a theory that is grounded in the particular area. | Grounded theory |
| An explanation of how and why something operates as it does. | Theory |
| Researcher is effective in understanding what kinds of data need to be collected and what aspects of already collected data are important for theory development. | Theoretical sensitivity |
| First stage of data analysis in GT; it's the most exploratory stage. | Open coding |
| Second stage of data analysis in GT; focus is on making concepts more abstract and ordering them into the theory. | Axial coding |
| Third and final stage of data anaylsis in GT im which the theory is finalized. | Selective coding |
| Occurs when no new information relevant to the GT is emerging from the data and the GT has been sufficiently validaded. | Theoretical saturation |
| Posistion that quantitative and qualitative research methods and philosophies can be combined. | Compatibility thesis |
| Philosophy focusing on what works as the criterion of what should be viewed as tentitavely true and useful in research and practice. | Pragmatism |
| One of the two dimensions used in MM desin matrix; its levels are concurrent and sequential. | Time order |
| One of the two dimensions used in MM design matrix; its levels are equal status and dominant status. | Paradigm emphasis |
| Study of multiple cases for the purpose of comparison. | Collective case study |
| Another name for a collective case study. | Comparative case study |
| Case study analysis in which cases are compared and contrasted. | Cross-case analysis |
| Methodology for generating and developing a theory that is grounded in the particular area. | Grounded theory |
| An explanation of how and why something operates as it does. | Theory |
| Researcher is effective in understanding what kinds of data need to be collected and what aspects of already collected data are important for theory development. | Theoretical sensitivity |
| First stage of data analysis in GT; it's the most exploratory stage. | Open coding |
| Second stage of data analysis in GT; focus is on making concepts more abstract and ordering them into the theory. | Axial coding |
| Third and final stage of data anaylsis in GT im which the theory is finalized. | Selective coding |
| Occurs when no new information relevant to the GT is emerging from the data and the GT has been sufficiently validaded. | Theoretical saturation |
| Posistion that quantitative and qualitative research methods and philosophies can be combined. | Compatibility thesis |
| Philosophy focusing on what works as the criterion of what should be viewed as tentitavely true and useful in research and practice. | Pragmatism |
| One of the two dimensions used in MM desin matrix; its levels are concurrent and sequential. | Time order |
| One of the two dimensions used in MM design matrix; its levels are equal status and dominant status. | Paradigm emphasis |
| What are the three design strategies used in qualitative research and explain each one | 1.Design strategies 2.Data-collection and fieldwork strategies 3.Analysis strategies |
| 3 items in design strategies. | 1. Naturalistic inquiry 2. Emergent design flexibility 3. Purposeful sampling |
| 4 items in Data-collection and fieldwork strategies. | 1. Qualitative data 2. Personal experience and engagement 3. Empathic neutrality and mindfulness 4. Dynamic systems |
| 5 items in Analysis strategies | 1. Unique case orientation 2. Inductive analysis and creative synthesis 3. Holistic perspective 4. Context sensitivity 5. Voice, perspective, and reflexivity |
| What threats are in qualititaive research? | Researcher bias |
| What 2 ways to reduce these threats? | 1. Reflexivity (identify your own potential biases and sicern how you can minimize effects) 2. negative-case sampling (find examples that may disconfirm your prior expectations) |
| 5 types of validity concerned in Qualititaive research? | 1. Descriptive 2. Interpretive 3. Theorhetical 4. Internal 5. External |
| Validity strategies for descriptive and interpretive validity | Descriptive -investiator triangulation (1+ investigators agree) Interpretative -ppt feedback (ask ppt if your interpretations agree) -low-inference descriptors (use "") |
| Validity strategies for theoretical validity | Theorhetical -extended fieldwork (+data over time) -theory triangulation (consider mult. theories) -pattern matching (complex prediction) -peer review |
| Validity strategies for external and internal | Internal -researcher as detective -methods triangulation (using + methods for data collection) -data triangulation (using + data sources) External -naturalistic generalization -theoretical generalization |
| What is the difference between ideographic causation and nomological causation? | |
| 4 major qualitative research methods | 1. Phenomenology 2. Ethnography 3. Case study 4. Grounded theory |
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