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Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato is associated with... | Nativism |
| Aristole is associated with... | Philosophical Empiricism |
| Descartes is associated with.. | Dualism |
| Hobbes is associated with... | Materialism |
| Gall is associated with... | Phrenology |
| What did Helmholtz test? | Nerve speed |
| What did Broca test? and what was his patients aliment? | Language and the effect on the brain. Broca had a patient who could interpret words and understand but could not speak. |
| Who was the father of psychology? | Wundt |
| What were Wundt's 3 main beliefs? | Consciousness, structuralism, Introspection |
| What is introspection? | The subjective observation of one’s own experience |
| What is structuralism? | The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind |
| What were William James theories? | Functionalism & Natural Selection |
| What is functionalism? | The study of the purposes mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to the enviornment. |
| What did William James believe? | Mental disorders could help us understand the mind |
| What were Freud's theories? | Unconscious, psychoanalytic theory, psychoanalysis |
| What is psychoanalytic theory? | Sigmund Freud’s approach to understanding human behavior that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. |
| What is psychoanalysis? | Therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to understand psychological disorders. |
| Who came up with the theory of humanistic psychology? | Carl Rogers |
| What is humanistic psychology? | An approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the potential of human beings. |
| Who thought of behavioraism? | Watson |
| What is behaviorism? | The study of what people do and not what they experience. |
| What is psychology's goal? | predict and control behavior to benefit society |
| What did Pavlov test? | dogs |
| What kind of testing did Pavlov do on dogs? | Stimulus reaction/ Response psychology |
| What did Watson test? | Little Albert - Took a bunny that Little Albert liked and made loud noises whenever he played with it, eventually Little Albert became afraid of the bunny |
| What did Watson prove with his test on Little Albert? | Fears can be learned at early ages |
| Skinner? | Learning in motion/ Skinner box and reinforcement schedules |
| Cognitive Psychology? | perception, memory, thinking and reasoning |
| What did Edding Haus test? | He tested how quickly he could remember nonsense phrases |
| What did Bartlett test? | Saw how pre-conceived info can affect how we remember things |
| Who was the first to conduct experiments for psychology? | Helmholtz |
| In a neuron what is the axon covered by? | Myelin sheath |
| What is the myelin sheath composed of? | glial cells |
| What is a synapse? | the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another. |
| What are the 3 major neurons? | Sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons |
| Function of sensory neurons? | Receive info from the outside and translate into the brain via the spinal cord. |
| Function of the Motor neurons? | carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement |
| Function of the interneurons? | connect sensory neurons, motor neurons or other interneurons |
| What is action potential? | an electrical signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to the synapse |
| What 2 structures does the mid brain contain? | the tectum & the tegmentum |
| What is the medulla? | an extension of the spinal cord into the skull |
| What does the medulla coordinate? | heart rate, circulation and respiration |
| reticular formation is? | a small cluster of neurons inside the medulla |
| What does the reticular formation regulate? | sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal |
| Where is the cerebellum located? | behind the medulla |
| What does the cerebellum control? | fine motor skills |
| What does the hindbrain control? | info coming in and out of the spinal cord |
| What do myelin sheath's cover? | the axon |
| What does the myelin sheath serve as? | an insulator |
| What is the myelin sheath important for? | the motor neuron |
| What are the 4 stages of the action potential? | 1.Resting Potential 2.Threshold 3.Action Potential 4.Refractory Period |
| What is the resting potential? | When all the positively charged ions are all outside of the axon while all the negatively charged ions are on the inside of the axon |
| What is the threshold? | When the axon channels open up and let the positively charged ions inside the axon, changing the negative positive negative |
| What is the action potential? | when the axon reaches +40mu then the channels close |
| What is the charge outside of the axon? | -70mu |
| What is the refractory period? | When the channels close and shoot sodium back out of the axon, basically resetting the whole process |
| What does the central nervous system consist of? | Brain & spinal cord |
| What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? | neurons that come off of the spinal cord |
| The peripheral nervous system has what 2 systems? | Autonomic & somatic |
| What does the autonomic system control? | organs & reflexes |
| What does the somatic system control? | muscle contraction |
| What 2 systems does the autonomic system consist of? | Sympathetic & parasympathetic |
| What is does the sympathetic system do? | activates all systems of the body to help in danger situations, activates adrenaline |
| What does the parasympathetic system do? | Brings your body back down |
| Cerebral cortex? | outside of your brain |
| How divisions are there of the brain? | 4 |
| What is the amydala important for? | processing emotions |
| Used for forming new memories... | hippocampus |
| Connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain... | Corpus collosum |
| This doctor's patient could understand but could not produce speech... | Broca |
| This doctor's patient could produce speech but could not understand | Wernicke |
| the perceptual experience of one sense that is evoked by another sense | Synesthesia |
| the organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation | Perception |
| when many sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system | transduction |
| methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus | psychophysics |
| the simplest quantitative measurement in psychophysics | absolute threshold |
| the minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected... | Just noticeable difference (JND) |
| the response to a stimulus depends both on a person's sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's decision criterion | Signal detection theory |
| sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions | sensory adaption |
| the ability to see fine detail | visual acuity |
Created by:
valerie6195
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