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Psychology Ch. 2
PSY 200 Ch. 2 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A single cubic cm of the human brain consists of how many cells? | Over 50 million |
| Plasticity best reflects what? | Adaptability |
| What is the process of reading a book? | It sends input to the eyes, then is sent to the brain and goes through many neural networks. |
| The Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous system are part of what main system? | the SNS and ANS are part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). |
| What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System? | To convey information from the skin and muscles to the brain regarding pain and tempature. |
| What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do? | It gets the body ready for fight or flight, arouses the system, stops digestion, speeds heart rate, dilates pupils, speeds breathing, etc. |
| What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do? | It calms the body, constricts pupils, slows heart rate, slows breathing, increases digestion, decreases blood flow to brain, etc. |
| What are Corticosteroids? | stress hormones |
| What is acute stress? | momentary stress that occurs in response to life experiences |
| What is the cell body? | part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and directs the making of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance. |
| What are Dendrites? | branchlike fibers that receive information from other neurons |
| What does the Axon do? | It send information from the cell body toward other cells. |
| What is the Myelin Sheath? | A fatty layer that insulates most axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses. |
| What is action potential? | brief wave of positive charge that sweeps down the axon. |
| What is the function of Norepinephrine? | It inhibits the firing of neurons in the Central Nervous System but excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. |
| What is the function of Dopamine? | It affects mood and helps control voluntary movement. Too much results in Schizophrenia, too little results in Parkinson's Disease. |
| What are Endorphins? | A natural opiate, help with pain and pleasure. |
| What are antagonists? | Drugs that block a neurotransmitter's effects. |
| How does an X ray work? | It takes a 2-D image of the brain. It is hard to read. |
| How does a CAT/CT scan work? | It produces a 3-D image of the brain by using images from an x-ray and assembling a composite image on a computer. It provides info. about locations of damage in the brain. |
| How does a PET scan work? | It measures the amount of glucose in various areas of the brain and can track the use of parts of the brain. |
| How does an MRI work? | It creates a magnetic field around a person's body and uses radio waves to construct images of tissues and activity. Cannot portray brain function. |
| How does an fMRI work? | It traces changes in the blood oxygen associated with brain activity and can show areas that are being activated while a person is stimulated through sounds and images. It can show what brain activity is associated with a mental experience. |
| What is the function of Reticular Formation? | it is responsible for stereotype patterns such as walking, sleeping, and attending to noise. |
| What is the brain's largest division? | the Forebrain |
| The limbic system is part of what part of the brain? | The Forebrain |
| What is the Basil Ganglia? | The large neuron clusters that are above the thalamus and below the cerebral cortex. It controls voluntary movement. |
| What is the function of the Hypothalamus? | Monitors eating, drinking, and sex. |
| What does the Cerebral Cortex control? | Controls complex mental functions such as thinking and planning. |
| What is important about the Occipital lobe? | Damage to may cause blindness, stroke, or inability to see clearly because it controls vision. |
| What does the Temporal lobe control? | Language processing, memory, and hearing |
| Where does the production of speech occur? | in the Brocas Area |
| Where does the important role of comprehension of language take place? | in the Wernicke's Area |
| What is the Corpus Callosum? | a large bundle of axons that connect the brain's two hemispheres and relays information between both sides. |
| What are the chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands? | hormones |
| What do the Adrenal Glands do? | they affect energy level, moods, and the inability to cope with stress. |
| What are men's and women's sexual organs? | Testes and Ovaries |
| What are Chromosomes? | Threadlike structures, 23 pairs in body, one from mother and one from father. |
| What are the influences on behavior of multiple genes known as? | Polygenic Inheritance |
| What are twin studies? | Study of behavior genetics, genotype. Also study hair color and eye color, which are called phenotypes. |
| Compare and Contrast techniques used to study the brain. | X Rays = 2-D images, a CT scan, MRI & fMRI = 3-D image. PET scan measures amounts of glucose in parts of brain to view activity. MRI's and fMRI's also ", but M=trace radio waves and f=blood oxygen, & the fMRI = B. activity related to mental experience. |
| Break down the Peripheral Nervous System and its four parts. | Peripheral Nervous System < Somatic Nervous System & Autonomic Nervous System < Parasympathetic branch & Sympathetic Branch |
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Imasingingal
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