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ch.21 pharm vocab
ch. 21 pharmacology vocab
| vocab | meaning |
|---|---|
| addiction | physical and psychological dependence on an craving for a drug |
| additive action | drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each |
| aerosol | particles of drug suspended in airqq |
| anaphylaxis | exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a drug or foreign organism |
| antagonistic action | combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect of a drug |
| antidote | agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug |
| brand name | commercial name for a drug; trademark |
| chemical name | chemical formula for a drug |
| contraindications | factors in the patients condition that prevent the use of a particular drug or treatment |
| food and drug administration (FDA) | government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use |
| generic name | legal noncommercial name for a drug |
| iatrogenic | condition caused by treatment given by medical personnel |
| idiosyncrasy | unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual but not seen in most patients |
| inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth |
| medicinal chemistry | study of new drug synthesis |
| molecular pharmacology | study of interaction of drugs and subcellular entiies such as DNA, RNA, and enzymes |
| oral administration | drugs given by mouth |
| parenteral administration | drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins |
| pharmacist | prepares and dispenses drugs |
| pharmacy | location for preparing and dispensing drugs |
| pharmacodynamics | study of the effects of a drug within the body |
| pharmacokinetics | calculation of drug concentration in tissues and blood over a period of time |
| pharmacologist | specialist in the properties, uses and actions of drugs |
| pharmacology | study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs |
| physicians desk reference (PDR) | reference book that lists drug products |
| receptor | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body |
| rectal administration | drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum |
| side effect | toxic effect that routinely results from the use of a drug |
| sublingual administration | drugs are given by placement under the tongue |
| synergism | combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone |
| syringe | instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body |
| tolerance | larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect |
| topical application | drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucus membranes of the body |
| toxicity | harmful effects of a drug |
| toxicology | study of harmful chemicals and their effect on the body |
| transport | movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells |
| united states pharmacopeia (U.S.P) | authoritative list of drugs, formulas and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing |
| vitamin | substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health |
| ACE inhibitor | lowers blood pressure |
| amphetamine | central nervous system stimulant |
| analgesic | relieved pain |
| androgen | male hormone |
| anesthetic | reduces or eliminates sensation |
| angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist | lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels |
| antacid | neutralizes acid in the stomach |
| antiandrogen | slows the uptake of androgens or interfers with their binding in tissues |
| antiarrhythmic | treats abnormal heart rhythms |
| antibiotic | chemical substance produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms in the body |
| anticoagulant | prevents blood clotting |
| anticonvulsant | prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity) |
| antidepressant | relieved symptoms of depression |
| antidiabetic | drug given to prevent or alleviate diabetes mellitus |
| antidiarrheal | prevents diarrhea |
| antiemetic | prevents nausea and vomiting |
| antihistamine | blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy |
| antinauseant | relieves nausea and vomiting |
| antiplatelet | reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together |
| antiulcer | inhibits the secretion of acid by cells of the lining of the stomach |
| antiviral | acts against viruses such as the herpesvirus and HIV |
| aromatase inhibitor | reduces the amount of estrogen in the blood |
| bactericidal | kills bacteria |
| bateriostatic | inhibits bacterial growth |
| beta-blocker | blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes |
| bisphosphonate | prevents bone loss in osteoporosis |
| caffeine | central nervous system stimulant |
| calcium antagonist | blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels |
| cardiovascular | acts on the heart and blood vessels |
| cathartic | relieved constipation |
| diuretic | increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body |
| emetic | promotes vomiting |
| endocrine | a hormone or hormone-like drug |
| estrogen | female hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics |
| gastrointestinal | relieves symptoms of diseases in the GI tract |
| glucocorticoid | hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation |
| hypnotic | produces sleep |
| laxative | weak cathartic |
| narcotic | habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility |
| progestin | female hormone that affects the lining of the uterus during pregnancy |
| purgative | strong cathartic |
| respiratory | treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system |
| sedative | a mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep |
| SERM | selective estrogen modulator with estrogen-like effect on bones and fat metabolism |
| stimulant | excites and promotes activity |
| thyroid hormone | stimulates cellular metabolism |
| tranquilizer | controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behaviour |
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