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EXAM1PSY280
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the strongest predictor of the extent of homelessness in a community? | The lack of affordable housing. |
| What is context minimization error? | Assumptions behind the process of problem definition may be largely unconcious. ♥Ignoring or discounting the importance of context in an individuals life (not blaming the individ.) |
| What is a participant-conceptualizer? | Actively involved in community process while also attempting to understand them. ♥Knowledge is constructed through action. |
| What is first order change? | Alters, rearranges or replaces the individual members of a group. |
| What is second order change? | Affects the relationships among the members of a group, especially shared goals, rules and power relationships. |
| What are contextual influences (in an ecological sense) on an individual? | Community Groups, Churches, School groups |
| Microsystems, plus example. | Most interactive environment ♥ Examples: Friends, family, classroom |
| Organizations, plus example. | Organizations/Setting that have a formal structure ♥ May host several microsystems ♥Examples: School, Religious congregations |
| Localities, plus example. | Geographic communitites ♥ Examples: Cities, towns, neighborhood |
| Macrosystems, plus example. | ♥mulitple systems ♥ Influence other levels of analysis through policys etc. ♥ Examples: Cultures, government, Mass media |
| What is the difference between proximal and distal systems? | Proximal: closest to the individual and involving the most face-to-face contact ♥Distal: less immediate to the person yet haveing broad effects. |
| What is error of logical typing? | Creating an intervention at the wrong level. |
| What are the seven core values in community psychology? | 1. Individual and family wellness 2. Sense of community 3. Respect for human diversity 4. Social justice 5. Empowerment and citizen participation 6. Collaboration and community strengths 7. Empirical grounding |
| What is the difference between distributive and procedural justice? | Distributive justice: Fair allocation of resources ♥Procedural justice: whether processes of collective decision making include a fair representation of citizens. |
| What were the major reasons for the emergence of community psychology? | 1. Prevention perspective on programs in living 2. Reforms in mental health systems 3. Group dynamics and action research 4. Movem ents for social change & liberation 5. Optimism regarding social change. |
| What are examples of individualistic practice in psychology? | Clinical: one-to-one, Personality |
| What is the principle of blaming the victim? | Only focus on one level and ignore the other factors, locating the deficit in the person but ignore the other factors. ♥Victim overused. |
| What is Fair share? | Focuses on fairness of procedure and minimizing extreme out come inequalities. |
| What is Fair play? | Assures rules of fairness in competition for economic, educational, or social advancement. |
| What is Top-Down approach to social Change? | Professionals, usually preserve existing power structure. |
| What is Bottom-Up approach to social change? | "Grassroots" among citizens rahter than professionals. They reflect attempts by ordinary people to assert control over their everyday lives. |
| What is Postpositivist? | Build through shared understanding and science understand cause and effect (most common) |
| What is Constructivist? | Created in relationships between researchers and participants. (Qualitative) |
| What are Critical Philosophies of Science? | Shaped by power relationships |
| What is participatory research? | Attend to unheard voices: begin research at the level of those impacted but without a voice, without power (bottom up approach, citizen collab) |
| Why should culture be considered when conducting research and/or conducting an intervention? | ♥Trap 1: Assumptions of methodological Equvilance (likert scale) ♥ Trap 2: All members of a cultural of social group are alike across life domains. (Assumptions of homogenity) ♥Trap 3: Categorization = Identification |
| What are between-group designs? | ♥1. Compare multiple cultures ♥2. Difficulty with measurement quality ♥3. Can be difficult to interpret findings |
| What is considered checking as it relates to qualitative research? | ♥ Many rounds of data collection and analysis, then check themselves and interpretations ♥ Utilize community members to verfiy/challenge interpretations and themes presented by the research. |
| What is generalizability of research findings and how does it relate to qualitative findings? | ♥ Less important than understanding meaning among persons sampled ♥Identity converging themes across many studies or cases. ♥ A method of qualitative research. |
| What is participant observation? | ♥Careful detail observation, written notes ♥Interviews, conversations with citizens ♥Conceptual interpretation |
| What does qualitative interviewing involve? | (Open-ended) Questions recorded, transcribed and coded- themes documented. |
| What are focus groups? | ♥ A group interview ♥Allows for comparison and reaction to others experiences. |
| What are case studies? | ♥Studying one or more indidviduals in relation to settings. ♥ Can involve (focus groups, qualitative interviewing, and participant observation) as well as archival data. |
| What is a correlation? | Two variable sthat go up at the same time. |
| What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? | ♥Prevalance: Rate of existing occurances of a disorder in a population within a time period. ♥Incidence: Rate of new occurances. |
| What is geographic information systems data? | Relationships between physical and spatial aspects and psychosocial qualitites of community. |
| What are Randomized experiements? | Participants are randomly assigned to groups. ♥ Strong design but difficult to implement in community setting. |
| What is nonequivalent comparison group designs? | Assignemnt to experiment of control group is not radomized, Weaker but better for communities |
| What is an interrupted time-series design? | ♥Repeated measurement overtime of a single case. ♥Start at baseline and continue through intervention implementation ♥Multibaseline designs |
| What are potential risk factors in a community? Example. | Increased likelyhood of disorder. Ex: 1. Exposure to stressors, 2. Lack of coping resources |
| What are protective factors in a community? Example. | Lesser likely hood of a disorder. Example 1. Professional or cultural strengths, 2. Support systems |
| What are within group designs? | ♥ 1. Deeply understand one culture (identify unique practices) ♥2. Can look at cultural subgroups |
Created by:
kdas
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