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Psychology CH 12
Definitions: Emotions, Stress, and Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience |
| James-Lange Theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion |
| Two-Factor Theory | the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) by physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal |
| Polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion |
| Facial Feedback Effect | the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness |
| Catharsis | emotional response; in psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges |
| Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon | people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood |
| Subjective Well-Being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life; used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life |
| Adaptation-Level Phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience |
| Relative Deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself |
| Health Psychology | a sub-field of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine |
| Stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| Tend and Befriend | under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend) |
| Psychophysiological Illness | literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health |
| Lymphocytes | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and attack foreign substances |
| Coronary Heart Disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries |
| Type A | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people |
| Type B | Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people |
| Coping | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods |
| Problem-Focused Coping | attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor |
| Emotion-Focused Coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction |
| Aerobic Exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety |
Created by:
sarah922
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