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Chapter 5 System 4
Circulatory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The two divisions to the vascular system are the _______ and _______. | cardiovascular, lymphatic |
| The double-layered membrane that covers the heart is the ________. | pericardium |
| The normal heart rate for an adult is _______ beats per minute. | 60-80 |
| The blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are the _______ and ________. | veins and venules |
| The largest artery in the body is the ______. | aorta |
| The smallest, microscopic, thin-walled blood vessels are called ________. | capillaries |
| The two circulation systems in the blood-vascular system are _______ and _______. | pulmonary, systemic |
| Impulses from the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system cause __________. | vasoconstriction |
| Substances move through the capillary walls mostly by ______. | diffusion |
| Blood moves through the ______ to the _______ and then to the ________. | arterioles, capillaries, venules |
| _______ is a process in which substances move from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure. | Filtration |
| In _______ circulation, veins contain oxygen-rich blood. | pulmonary |
| The cardiovascular system of the average adult male contains about ______ of blood. | 5 liters |
| Blood has a slightly ______ reaction. | alkaline |
| Plasma counts for ______ of the blood's volume. | 50-60 percent |
| __________ constitute as much as 98 percent of all blood cells. | Red blood cells |
| Red blood cells and _________ are produced in the red bone marrow. | white blood cells |
| Red blood cells are also called _______. | erythrocytes |
| Red blood cells are colored with an oxygen-carrying substance called _________. | hemoglobin |
| The process in which leukocytes actually engulf and digest harmful bacteria is called __________. | phagocytosis |
| The small irregularly shaped particles in the blood that play an important role in clotting are _______ or _________. | blood platelets, thrombocytes |
| A disease characterized by extremely slow clotting of blood and excessive bleeding from even very slight cuts is _______. | hemophilia |
| A condition in which there is a rapid loss or inadequate production of red blood cells is _______. | anemia |
| A form of cancer in which there is an uncontrolled production of white blood cells is known as _______. | leukemia |
| Lymph is derived from the interstitial fluid and is _______ by the lymph nodes. | filtered |
| Lymphoid tissue produces a kind of white blood cell called a ________. | lymphocyte |
| All ______ eventually flows into the bloodstream. | lymph |
| The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the right half of the ____ and ________. | head, right arm |
| Lymph is moved through the lymph system by a pumping action of the _________. | lymph vessels |
| Specialized white blood cells called _______ play a major role in the immune response. | lymphocytes |
| White blood cells originate in __________. | bone marrow |
| White blood cells specialize into T-cells in the ________. | thymus |
| The agent that triggers an immune response is an ________. | antigen |
| White blood cells are transported throughout the body by ______ and _______. | blood, lymph |
| The production of antibodies is the responsibility of the _______. | B-cell |
| When the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, the result is _____________. | auto immune disease |
| ______ attack and destroy antigens directly. | T-cells |
| The cell that is destroyed by the HIV virus in AIDS is the ___________. | helper T |
| The process of specialized cells engulfing and digesting neutralized antigens and debris is _________. | phagocytosis |
| _______ stimulates an immune response without causing the accompanying illness. | vaccines |
| ________ is all the physiologic mechanisms used by the body as protection against foreign substances. | immunity |
| _______ is present from before birth. | innate immunity |
| An allergy-causing substance is an ________. | allergen |
| _______ is a specialized form of immunity that is the result of an encounter with a new substance. | acquired immunity |
| _________ is an overreaction by the immune system to an otherwise harmless substance. | allergy |
| __________ are when the body makes antibodies and T-cells directed against its own cells. | autoimmune diseases |
| ________ provide immunity for years or even a lifetime. | memory cells |
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