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MMPI-2
Interpretation: Scales and Codetypes
| Question/Term | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the mean and standard deviation of the MMPI-2? | Mean: 50 SD: 10 |
| What are the Validity Scales? | -? (Cs - Cannot Say) -TRIN - True Response Inconsistency -VRIN - Variable Response Inconsistency -F - Infrequency -Fb - F back -Fp - Infrequency Psychopathology L - Lie K - Correction S - Superlative - Self Presentation |
| What does the ? (Cs) measure? | -Measures omitted/avoided items -If 30+ unanswered = NOT valid -Suggests: avoidance, carelessness, reading difficulty, impairment in decision making, paranoid, and obsessive |
| What do the Inconsistent Responding Validity Scales measure? | VRIN - Guessing or Random Responding TRIN - Acquiescence & non-acquiescence (high all true & low all false) |
| What do the Infrequent Responding Validity Scales measure? | -F - measures deviations from the population. >90 faking bad. -Fb - measures deviate responses from items 370 to the end. -Fp - detects malingering. |
| What does the Lie (L) scale measure? | - unsophisticated or self-consciously virtuous responses. - >60 might be invalid, trying to portray self in favorable light - Can be elevated due to education, intelligence, sophistication -Low - willing to own up to mistakes |
| What does the K scale measure? | - Subtle Defensiveness - >70 invalid - all false responding - faking good - Low - all true responding, faking bad |
| What does the S scale measure | Tendency to portray self in a superlative manner |
| Which scales have a Harris Lingoes? | 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, & 9 |
| When to use Harris Lingoes? | Used to refine and clarify the meaning of clinical scales that are elevated. It provides information concerning the kinds of items that were endorsed. |
| What do the Supplemental Scales Measure? | - General maladjustment and subjective distress - Emotional Behavioral control |
| Scale 1 | Hypochondriasis (Hs) -Concerns center on health and somatic functioning. -Poor health; gastrointestinal complaints; weakness; tiredness -Physical symptoms used as emotional discomfort -High correlation with Scale 2 -Stable over time |
| Scale 2 | Depression (D) - measures negative state of mind - Concerns around immediate satisfaction, comfort, security. - Unhappiness; anxiety & worry; apathy & leathery; physical symptoms; social withdrawal -Discomfort -associated with adjustment disorder |
| Scale 3 | Hysteria (Hy) - measures tendency to use physical symptoms to solve personal conflict -Respond to life stressors by creating conversion-like symptoms. -Looking for a attention "Look at me, Don't abandon me" -Somatic complaints -Conversion Disorder |
| Scale 4 | Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) -Don't like authority, rebel -poor judgment & impulse control -Family conflict, antisocial behavior, octal fearlessness, social alienation, unhappiness -Highly correlated w/ Scale 8 -Content scale correlates with Scale 4 |
| Scale 5 | Masculinity/Femininity (Mf) -Divides sex role related interests, activities, and occupations -Scale 4 - men suppress; women display active anger -if elevated = person pulling away from stereotypical roles |
| Scale 6 | Paranoia (Pa) -Pattern of vulnerability when feel merciless & relentless opposed by hostile forces or subject to opposition -highly sensitive, resentful, guarded -externalization, persecutory ideas, skepticism (denial) |
| Scale 7 | Psychasenthia (Pt) -Tendency to express stress thru tension, anxiety -anxiety scale - primary symptom is worry -doubt, worry, fear, anxiety, agitation -insomnia -relationship w/ OCD & OCPD |
| Scale 8 | Schizophrenia (Sc) -poor coping skills, lacking resources -high levels of turmoil & social problems -elevation emphasizes negative or deficit symptoms of schizophrenia -bizarre thoughts & impulse -depressive withdrawal |
| Scale 9 | Mania/Hypomania (Ma) -primary characteristics: increased energy; reduced need for sleep; increased rate, volume & amount of speech; irritable/euphoric mood -Impulsive - >80 consider Bipolar, Manic type -Low scale2 |
| Scale 0 | Social Introversion-Extroversion (Si) -Elevated: shy, timid, social anxiety, discomfort in groups, social avoidance. -Highly correlated w/ other scales of maladjustment and subjective distress -Low: Extraversion, sociable |
| Codetype 1-2 (2-1) | -(Hypochondriasis & Depression) -Somatic discomfort & Depression |
| Codetype 1-3 (3-1) | -(Hypochondriasis & Hysteria) -Somatic discomfort w/o psychiatric complaints -More prevalent in women & elderly |
| Codetype 1-4 (4-1) | -(Hypochondriasis & Psychopathic Deviate): -Severe somatic symptoms / extroverted -Pessimistic & grouchy & Alcohol use -More prevalent in men |
| Codetype 1-8 (8-1) | -(Hypochondriasis & Schizophrenia): -Hostility / Aggression but unable to express it -Socially inadequate & lack trust |
| Codetype 1-9 (9-1) | -(Hypochondriasis & Hypomania): -A lot of distress/anxious, somatic complaints -Aggressive / belligerent / great ambition -Frustrated by low achievements |
| Codetype 2-3 (3-2) | -(Depression & Hysteria): -Passive & Dependent -Depressed but without severe anxiety -Difficulty expressing emotions -lack energy, weak, GI concerns |
| Codetype 2-4 (4-2) | -(Depression & Psychopathic Deviate): -Trouble with family or law -Angry, resentful, critical, impulsive -Drug & alcohol use & Suicide |
| Codetype 2-6 (6-2) | -(Depression & Paranoia): -Paranoia & hostility & resentfulness -Lack energy, hopeless & some suicide |
| Codetype 2-7 (7-2) | -(Depression & Psychasthena): -Worry/high strung/anticipate problems -Clinical depression with high expectations -Anxious & over react to stress -Suicide Risk (check 9) |
| Codetype 2-8 (8-2) | -(Depression & Schizophrenia): -Anxious & Agitated & Dissociated -Poor concentration, sleep, memory -Basically dependent & ineffective -If both are highly elevated = serious psychopathology |
| Codetype 2-9 (9-2) | -(Depression & Hypomania): -Self centered/Narcissistic -Tense & anxious w/ somatic complaints -Internal sense of uneasiness -Bipolar |
| Codetype 3-4 (4-3) | -(Hysteria & Psychopathic Deviate): -ANGER & HOSTILITY -Aggressive Impulses -Suicide & Acting Out |
| Codetype 3-6 (6-3) | -(Hysteria & Paranoia): -Deep hostility with family -Minor anxiety/somatic problems -Defiant/uncooperative/narcissistic |
| Codetype 3-8 (8-3) | -(Hysteria & Schizophrenia): -Great psychological turmoil & anxiety & fear -Depression/hopelessness are common -Problems decision making/Apathetic & pessimistic -Obsessive ruminations & delusions/hallucinations |
| Codetype 4-6 (6-4) | -(Psychopathic Deviate & Paranoia): -Immature/Narcissistic/Self-indulgent -Rationalize & blame others/no responsibility -Suspicious, Resentful -Passive – Aggressive personality/schizophrenia |
| Codetype 4-7 (7-4) | -(Psychopathic Deviate & Psychasthena): -Swing from serious insensitivity to others – how they effect others -Acting out (drinking / sexual promiscuity) followed by guilt -Insecure -Need constant reassurance & support |
| Codetype 4-8 (8-4) | -(Psychopathic Deviate & Schizophrenia): -Do not fit in their environment -Resent authority / deep feelings of insecurity -Erratic & unpredictable / impulse problems -Possible bizarre symptomatology |
| Codetype 4-9 (9-4) | -(Psychopathic Deviate & Hypomania): -Disregard for social standards/values -Narcissistic/selfish/self-indulgent -Irritable/low tolerance -Energetic/restless/ambitious/superficial -Act out w/o regard for others |
| Codetype 6-8 (8-6) | -(Paranoia & Schizophrenia): Intense inferiority / insecurity -Distrust others / avoid deep relationships -Blunted affect / rapid speech / incoherent |
| Codetype 6-9 (9-6) | -(Paranoia & Hypomania): -Dependent / need for affection -Appear tearful / trembling |
| Codetype 7-8 (8-7) | -(Psychasthenia & Schizophrenia): -Great deal of turmoil/easily discuss their pain -Depressed & pessimistic/confused/panic -Schizophrenia/Depression/OCD/personality disorders |
| Codetype 8-9 (9-8) | -(Schizophrenia & Hypomania): -Self-centered/infantile/demanding -Labile/Fear emotional involvement -Bizarre speech & thinking |
| Codetype 4-5 (5-4) | (men) non conforming, not likely to act out, interpersonal problems |
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PsychStudent
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