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Psychology Ch 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Neuron | nerve cell |
Sensory Neurons | neurons that bring incoming information to the brain and spinal cord |
Motor Neurons | carry outgoing info from the brain to the body |
Interneurons | neurons in the brain and spinal cord |
Dendrite | extensions of a neuron that conduct impulses |
Axon | line on neuron that messages travel on |
Myelin Sheath | fatty tissue around axon that helps messages travel faster |
Action Potential | a neural impulse |
Threshold | level a stimulation has to pass the be perceived |
Synapse | gap between axon and dendrite of next neuron |
Neurotransmitters | chemical messages that cross synaptic gaps |
Reuptake | when a neuron recharges |
Endorphins | hormone that rids pain and brings pleasure |
Nervous System | system of nerves that is a speedy message system |
Peripheral Nervous System | sensory and motor neurons that connect to the central nervous system |
Nerves | bundled axons |
Somatic Nervous System | skeletal nervous system |
Autonomic Nervous System | nervous system that controls organs |
Sympathetic Nervous System | part of autonomic nervous system that helps with stressful situations |
Parasympathetic Nervous Systems | part of autonomic system that calms body |
Reflex | automatic response |
Endocrine System | body's slow chemical communication system that releases hormones into the bloodstream |
Hormones | chemical messengers that go through bloodstream |
Adrenal Glands | release adrenalin and is just above the kidney |
Pituitary Gland | part of endocrine system that is influenced by the hypothalamus and regulates growth |
Electroencephalogram (EEG) | amplified recording of brain waves |
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan | visual picture of brain activity by measuring glucose |
Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) | uses magnetic fields to create computer generated brain anatomy |
fMRI | reveals blood-flow by comparing MRIs |
Brainstem | oldest part of the brain that is responsible for automatic functions |
Medulla | base of brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing |
Reticular Formation | nerve network in brainstem that controls arousal |
Thalamus | brain's sensory switchboard that is at the top of the brainstem and directs messages |
Cerebellum | the "little brain" that is at the rear of the brainstem that processes coordination and balance |
Limbic System | neural system below the cerebral hemispheres that controls emotions and drives. it has the hypothalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus |
Amygdala | controls anger and fear and is linked to emotion |
Hypothalamus | controls eating, drinking, and body system while also governing the endocrine system |
Cerebral Cortex | interconnected neural cells covering cerebral hemispheres. it is the ultimate control and information processing center |
Glial Cells | they support, nourish, and protects neurons |
Frontal Lobes | control speaking, muscle movement, making plans, and judgement |
Parietal Lobes | receives sensory input for touch and body position |
Occipital Lobes | vision control |
Temporal Lobes | hearing control |
Sensory Cortex | front of parietal lobes that process touch and body movement |
Association Areas | not involved in motor or sensory. it is involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
plascticty | brain's ability to change by reorganizing after damage and building new pathways |
Neurogenesis | forming new neurons |
Corpus Callosum | band if fibers connecting hemispheres |
Motor Cortex | rear of frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement |
Split Brain | condition when corpus callosum is cut |
Biological Psychology | studies connections between biology and behavior |
Central Nervous System | brain and spinal cord nervous system |
Lesion | tissue distruction |