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Chap 5 System 6
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The major parts of the nervous system are the _______, _______. and _______. | brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves |
| The structural unit of the nervous system is the _______ or _______. | neuron, nerve cell |
| There are two types of nerve fibers. ________ connect with other neurons to receive information and a single ______ conducts impulses away from the cell body. | dendrites, axon |
| Impulses are passed from one neuron to another at a junction called a ________. | synapse |
| Two characteristics of a neuron are ________ and _______. | irritability, conductibility |
| Neurons that originate in the periphery and carry information toward the central nervous system (CNS) are ______ or_______ neurons. | sensory, afferent |
| Neurons that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands that they control are _____ or ________ neurons. | motor, efferent |
| Neurons located in the brain and spinal cord that carry impulses from one neuron to another are __________. | interneurons |
| The portion of the nervous system that is surrounded by bone is the __________, which consists of the ______ and _________. | central nervous system, brain, spinal cord |
| The CNS is covered by a special connective tissue membrane called the ______, which has three layers: the ______, the _______, and the _______. | meninges, dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater |
| The fluid that surrounds and supports the brain and spinal cord is ________. | cerebrospinal fluid |
| The largest portion making up the front and top of the brain is the _______. | cerebrum |
| The smaller part of the brain that helps to maintain the body's balance and coordinates voluntary muscles is the ________. | cerebellum |
| The three parts of the brain stem are the ______, the ______, and the __________. | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _________, which involves the nerves to the visceral organs, glands and blood vessels, and the _________, which involves the nerves to the muscles and skin. | autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| _________ respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch. | Mechanoreceptors |
| _________ detect heat and cold. | Thermoreceptors |
| _________ are rods and cones in the retina of the eyes that detect light and color. | Photoreceptors |
| _________ sense smell and taste. | Chemoreceptors |
| ________ detect pain and respond to tissue damage and extreme stimuli. | Nociceptors |
| The ________ is completely housed and protected in a bony covering. Is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Interprets incoming information and issues orders. | central nervous system (CNS) |
| The ___________ consists of motor nerves, sensory nerves, and mixed nerves. Includes the autonomic and somatic nervous system. Is composed of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and nerve ganglia. Carries information to and from all parts of the body. | peripheral nervous system |
| The __________ Carries information to and from the skeletal muscles and skin. | somatic nervous system |
| The __________ Is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Regulates smooth muscle, the heart, and other involuntary functions. | autonomic nervous system |
| The _________ prepares the organism for energy-expending, stressful or emergency situations. Stimulation causes increased respiration, dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and cardiac output. Involves a chain of ganglia located along the spine. | sympathetic nervous system |
| The __________ general function is to conserve energy. Nerve fibers arise from the second, third, and fourth sacral spinal nerves and the III, VII, IX, and X (vagus nerve)cranial nerves. | parasympathetic nervous system |
| The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve and few, if any, interneurons is called a _______. | reflex |
| The nerve pathway of the simplest form of nervous activity is called a _______. | reflex arc |
| Sensory nerves that record conscious sensations such as heat, cold, pain, and pressure are termed _______. | exteroceptors |
| Sensory nerves that respond to the unconscious inner sense of position and movement of the body are termed _______. | proprioceptors |
| The system of sensory and motor nerve activity that provides information as to the position and rate of movement of different body parts is _________. | proprioception |
| ________ sense the length and stretch of the muscle as well as how far and fast the muscle is moving. consist of intrafusal muscle fibers, annulospiral, and flower-type nerve receptors. | Spindle cells |
| __________ are multibranched sensory nerve endings located in tendons in the area where muscle fibers attach to tendon tissue. Measure the amount of tension produced in the muscle cells that occurs as a result of the muscle's stretching and contracting. | Golgi tendon organs |
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smithra
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