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ch 8
ch 8 names and meanings
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pierre Florens | he began a major research methodology in phisiological psychology called ablation brain research. The basic idea is to cut out or destroy a certain area of the brain and see what does not work anymore. |
| Paul Broca | in a clincal case he found an individual who could not talk but could make sounds. who understood all words and was intellectually appropriate and there was no medical reason for his mutism. When the patient died he noticed a rather localized tumor. |
| He concluded that the area of the tumor is related to ability to speak words. This area is called brocas area and has been replicated and determined to be true. | |
| Muller, Johannes | doctrine of specific nerve energies. No matter how the nerve was stimulated it responded in only one way. The way it reacted to stiimulation depended on which nerve it was |
| Muller, Johannes | He further felt that each of the five sense organs were maximally sensitive to a certain type of stimulation (eye- light waves, skin-pressure, ears-sound waves.) |
| Muller, Johannes | also stated, and this most significantly, that the brain determines what we sense and perceive. According to Muller we are not aware of objects in the physical surroundings, but of sensory impulses. |
| Hermann von Helmholtz | Vitalism states that life cannot be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical processes. They felt there was "something more". The materialiss felt that all life could be explained by these physical and chemical processes. |
| Ewald Hering | theory of color vision was not in agreement with helmholtz's. |
| Ewald Hering | He felt that there were three types of nerves in the eye but that each type could react in two ways. The three types of eye receptors were called black-white, red-green, and yellow- blue. |
| Christine Ladd-Franklin | came up with an evolutionary theory of color vision. |
| Christine Ladd-Franklin | She felt that since more primitive animals see only in black and white, and more advanced creatures (such as primates and humans) see in color that the eye evolved in this way and that it is more advantageous for the species that see in color as well. |
| Gustav Theodor Fechner | He began what was called psychophysics. Or the use of physical calculations to explain psychological processes. |
| Gustav Theodor Fechner | His one "famous formula" indicated that as a stimulus gets larger (weight, brightness of light, loudness of noise) the ability to discriminate a change gets exponentially harder. |
| Gustav Theodor Fechner | Fechner expanded webers work. He believed that there was a spiritual, mystical conciousness that works with the physical aspects of the brain. |
| Gustav Fritsch, Edward Hitzig, and David Ferrier | Found that when electrically stimulating areas of the exposed cortex correlated with physical movement in the body on a consistent basis. This brought evidence of the localization theories that phrenologists first brought up. |
| Gustav Fritsch, Edward Hitzig, and David Ferrier | The areas in the brain, however, still did not match up with the charts and graphs of the phrenologists. |
| Bell-Magendie Law | Charles Bell found that individual nerves were not a two way system as Descartes had thought. (he thought stimulate the nerve and the brain reacts and sends the energy down the tube). |
| Bell-Magendie Law | The first type sends the information to the brain and the signal is processed by the brain and the brain stimulates the second type of nerve which leaves the brain and sends information to muscles to react |
| Bell-Magendie Law | He discovered, through operations on rabbits, that there are two types of nerves. |
| breakthroughs in scientific technology began in? | the 1800's |
Created by:
brittney280
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