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Digestive System
Reiser Chapter 5 Digestive System Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process of converting food into substances capable of nourishing cells is ________. | digestion |
| The process in which the digested nutrients are transferred from the intestines to the blood or lymph vessels to be transported to the cells is _________. | absorption |
| The muscular tube that goes from the lips to the anus is the __________ or the ___________ or _________. | alimentary canal, gastrointestinal, digestive tract |
| Organs that aid in digestion but are located outside the digestive tract are known as ________ digestive organs. | accessory |
| The physical activity of digestion that takes place in the mouth is called ________. | chewing |
| The chemical digestive activity that takes place in the mouth is from secretions by the _________. | salivary glands |
| The physical or mechanical activity in the alimentary canal is from the action of the ____________. | involuntary muscles |
| A soft food ball that is swallowed- | bolus |
| Opening at the top of the stomach- | cardiac sphincter |
| Beginning of the large intestine- | cecum |
| A mixture of digestive juices, mucus, and food material- | chyme |
| Organ responsible for water absorption and feces formation; stores, forms, and excretes waste products; regulates the body's water balance- | colon |
| First section of the small intestine; organ that receives bile and pancreatic juices- | duodenum |
| Prevents movement from the large intestine to the small intestine- | ileocecal valve |
| Last section of the small intestine- | ileum |
| Lymph capillaries in the small intestine- | lacteals |
| A membrane made up of epithelial cells that carry on secretion and absorption- | mucosa |
| Where food is masticated- | oral cavity |
| Rhythmic, wavelike, muscular motion- | peristalsis |
| Opening at the end of the stomach; plays an important role in determining how long food is held in the stomach- | pyloric valve |
| Temporary storage of solid waste- | rectum |
| Contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates- | saliva |
| Outer covering of the intestine that is continuous with the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity- | serous layer |
| Serves to nourish the surrounding tissues and carry away the absorbed material- | submucosa |
| Finger-like projections that increase the surface area of small intestines- | villa |
| The alimentary canal includes (not counting any accessory organs) ______, _______, _________, ________, ________, and _______. | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
| Transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the blood or lymph is called ________. | absorption |
| Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the tissue cells. These reactions are necessary for _______ and ______ tissue and releasing _____and ______. | building, repairing, heat, energy |
| The small intestine consists of three parts that, beginning at the stomach, appear in the following order: ______, _______,_______. | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| The total length of the adult alimentary canal is about _______ as long as a persons height. | twice |
| The wavelike muscular movement that propels material through the alimentary canal is called ________. | peristalsis |
| The complete process of digestion changes sugars and starches to ______. | glucose |
| Bile is important in digestion because it breaks down _______ so that they can be more easily digested by _______. | fat globules, enzymes |
| The functions of the gallbladder include ________ and ________ bile into the duodenum while digestion is going on in the ________ and _______. | contracting, ejecting, stomach, intestines |
| The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach is called the ________. | cardiac sphincter |
| The structure at the junction of the large and small intestines that controls the passage of feces is the _______. | ileocecal valve |
| From which part of the intestines does the appendix arise? | the cecum |
| The structures in the small intestine that are chiefly responsible for the absorption of digested food are called _______. | villi |
| The walls of the digestive system are composed of ________. | smooth muscle |
| Food is broken down into its chemical components by the action of _______. | enzymes |
| The organ in which protein digestion begins is the _______. | stomach |
| At each end of the stomach are muscles that relax to form an opening and contract to close the opening. These muscles are known as ______. | sphincter muscles |
| Enzymes are secreted by the linings of the _______ and _______. | stomach, intestines |
| The epiglottis serves to prevent food from being ________ into the ______. | aspirated, trachea |
| The colon functions mainly to ________ from the waste materials of digestion. | absorb water |
| Simple sugar is normally stored in the liver in the form of ______. | glycogen |
| Salivary glands are found in all the following locations except in the ________. | nasopharynx |
| The sigmoid colon empties into the ______. | rectum |
| The gallbladder functions to store _____ between meals, concentrate ______ by reabsorbing water, release _____ when stimulated by a hormone from the small intestine. | bile, bile, bile |
| The parts of the colon in order, from proximal to distal, are _____, _____, _____, _____. | ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid |
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