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Motivation & Emotion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Insticts | specific, inborn behavior patterns characteristic of an entire species |
Achievement Motivation | measured by Work & Family Orientation (WOFO) Scales; need to excel or overcome obstacles; often in areas of work, mastery, and competiveness |
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs | A theory by Maslow with the most basic needs at the bottom and more complex needs at the peak |
Motivation | the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. |
Drive Reduction Theory | organisms are born with certain psychological needs and that a negative state of tension is created when these needs are not satisfied. When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis and relaxation |
James Lange Theory of Emotion | all emotion is derived from the presence of a stimulus, which evokes a physiological response, such as muscular tension, a rise in heart rate, perspiration, and dryness of mouth ==> results in emotion |
Lateral Hypothalamus | feeding center; stimulates hunger; if destroyed, may cause starvation because organism doesn't receive cue to eat; |
Seconday Drives | acquired through learning; affiliation, social, achievement, aggression, power; Ex. money, grades, friends |
Cannon bard Theory of Emotion | The physiological changes and subjective feeling of an emotion in response to a stimulus are separate and independent; arousal does not have to occur before the emotion. |
set point theory | the body maintains its normal weight and body fat level with internal regulatory controls that dictate how much fat one has. |
opponent process theory of motivation | emotional reactions to a stimulus are followed by opposite emotional reactions |
two factor theory | cognitive theory; there are bodily emotions, but we use the emotions/information to tell us how to reaction in the situation; only when we think, recognize, do we experience the emotion |
primary drives | unlearned; found in all animals and humans; motivates behavior that is vital to the survival of the individual/species; hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, BR needs |
arousal theory | each individual has an optimal level of arousal (alertness, paying attention) that varies from one situation to the next; maintained by desire at that moment |
General Adaptation Syndrome | body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress. Stressors in humans include such physical stressors as starvation, being hit by a car, or suffering through severe weather. |
Incentives | external stimulus that motivates behavior; do not need to be aware of it to happen; does not have to be primary or an active, cognitive secondary drive |
approach approach conflict | a choice must be made between two desirable goals; least stressful type of conflict; study abroad or internship? |
obesity | a condition marked by excess accumulation of body fat. Genetic factors play a key role in obesity, but so do behavioral factors |
intrinsic motivators | completing the activity because it please you; |
Approach Avoidance Conflict | a choice must be made about whether to achieve a goal that has both positive and negative attributes; great internship, but in Columbus Ohio |
Bulimia | weight obsessions; eating disorder; recurrent episodes of binging and purging |
Extrinsic Motivators | completion of activity because of the consequence: reward or to avoid punishment |
Avoidance Avoidance Conflict | a choice must be made between two unattractive goals; rather be shot or hung? |
Anorexia | eating disorder; severe weight loss accompanied by obsessive worrying about weight gain despite the fact the person is 10-15% below normal body weight; |