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Motivation&Emotion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Instincts | A natural or inherent impulse or behavior; the capacity of an organism to complete a complex behavior automatically, without intermediate conscious awareness. |
| Motivations | the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors |
| Lateral Hypothalamus | the brain area that drives organisms to eat when electrically stimulated; if destroyed organisms will stop eating. |
| Set-Point Theory | he point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set; when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| Primary Drives | unlearned; found in all animals and humans; motivates behavior that is vital to the survival of the individual/species; hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, BR needs |
| Incentives | external stimulus that motivates behavior; do not need to be aware of it to happen; does not have to be primary or an active, cognitive secondary drive; |
| Intrinsic Motivators | internal motivation; completing the activity because it please you; ex. Singing, reading, crosswords, etc.; some people turn these things into extrinsic motivations like jobs but this is rare |
| Extrinsic Motivators | external motivation; completion of activity because of the consequence: reward or to avoid punishment; ex. Job, chores, school assignment, etc. |
| Achievement Motivation | measured by Work & Family Orientation (WOFO) Scales; need to excel or overcome obstacles; often in areas of work, mastery, and competitiveness; ex. GPA, award winners, standardized test scores (high), etc. |
| Drive Reduction Theory | theory that motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce a state of tension/arousal in the body and return the body to a state of balance |
| Secondary Drives | acquired through learning; affiliation, social, achievement, aggression, power; Ex. money, grades, friends, intimacy, acceptance, praise, etc. |
| Opponent-Process Theory | theory of motivation/emotion that views emotions as pairs of opposites (for example, fear-relief, pleasure-pain). |
| Arousal Theory | each individual has an optimal level of arousal (alertness, paying attention) that varies from one situation to the next; maintained by desire at that moment; may affect your performance (Yerkes-Dodson Law); Advantages-sensation or thrill seekers |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | psychological conflict or a situation of indecision where an individual is confronted having to choose between equally desirable alternatives. |
| Approach-Avoidance Conflict | occur when there is one goal or event that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously. |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. |
| James-Lange Theory of Emotion | suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, witnessing an external stimulus leads to a physiological reaction. |
| Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion | states that we feel emotions and experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling and muscle tension simultaneously. |
| Two-Factor Theory | there are bodily emotions, but we use the emotions/information to tell us how to reaction in the situation; only when we think, recognize, do we experience the emotion |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | the body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress |
| Obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health |
| Bulimia | an illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating and feels a loss of control. The person then uses different methods, such as vomiting or abusing laxatives, to prevent weight gain. |
| Anorexia | an eating disorder that makes people lose more weight than is considered healthy for their age and height. |
Created by:
nkumte
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