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Mr.Gish
Unit 10: Thinking and Language
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Concepts | a mental grouping of similar objects, events,ideas, or people |
| Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. matching new items to the prototype a quick and easy method for including items in a category.(ex bird, cat, and car) |
| Algorithim | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. |
| Heurisitic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently |
| Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |
| Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one`s preconceptions |
| Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; and impediment to problem solving |
| Mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |
| Functional fixedness | the tendency to think things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving |
| Representative heruistic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information( flip a coin think that heads 10 times in arrow is less likely then head and tails in a mixed |
| Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct |
| Belief Perseverance | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements |
| Framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements |
| Belief bias | the tendency for one`s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning |
| Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |
| Availability heuristic | mental shortcut, relies on immediate examples to come to the mind. (Ex. New report says people are getting fired you think you may get fired, despite the many other factors.) |
| phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit |
| morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word(prefix) |
| grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
| syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given a language |
| semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, that study of meaning |
| babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language |
| one-word sage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2 , during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
| two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements |
| Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speak like a telegram-"go car"- using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words |
Created by:
owenwelsh
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