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Introducing Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Cognitive Psychology? | The scientific study of "internal" mental processes |
| What is Cognitive Psychology comprised of? | Human intelligence, language, perception, attention, thinking and problem solving, and memory |
| Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus? | A researcher who sought to examine the concept of memory from a purely scientific viewpoint and tested only on himself. In his studies, he used lists of nonsense syllables in his attempt to examine how our memories work |
| What was Ebbhinghaus's research based on? | Discovering how fast a "normal" individual can "learn" and "forget" information |
| How did Ebbinghaus measure his experiments? | Conducted experiments varied in the number of nonsense syllables in the list, length of the time that passed before testing himself after reading the syllables, and the number of times that he read the syllables |
| What can we conclude from Ebbinghaus's work? | Led us to conclusions about how mind functions when storing meaningless information that we are asked to recall. Also led other researchers to begin exploring memory in a more systematic way |
| What did Ebbinghaus's work not tell us? | Our ability to remember information when we are asked to reproduce it in a different manner, the different types of memory that we have, memory capacity for meaningful information, and how our reproduction of information might be altered |
| What are the different types of memory tests? | Free Recall, Cued Recall, Recognition, Savings, Implicit Memory Performance |
| Example of Free Recall | Ebbinghaus' work where you write down everything you hear |
| Example of Cued Recall | Asked to recreate things through hints such as naming all 50 states on a map |
| Example of Recognition | Answer is given such as word banks and asked to name all seven dwarves |
| Example of Implicit Memory Test | Riding a bike |
| Example of Savings | Naming the Element Table |
| Sensory Memory | Proposed first temporal category of memory, capacity is though to be infinite, thought to involve all our senses, most of this information is said only to last for a fraction of a second |
| Sperling's Sensory Memory Experiment | A list of letters and numbers were shown for a few seconds and would hear which row or column to recite |
| Short Term Memory (aka Working Memory) | The said capacity is 7 + or -2 items and contains information that we deemed relevant. Information can be stored in this stage of memory from anywhere between 10 seconds to a few days |
| Long Term Memory | A collection of information from short term memory that we feel is important and had the ability and time to store. Information is complex and susceptible to distortions and fabrications |
| What is under explicit (declarative) memory? | Semantic Memory and Personally experienced events |
| What is under implicit (non declarative) memory? | Skills-motor and cognitive and disposition-classical and operant conditioning effects |
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