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Chapter 2
The Constitution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| merchantilism | an economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade (31) |
| Stamp Act Congress | meeting of representatives of nine of the thirteen colonies held in New York City in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated (33) |
| First Continental Congress | meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which 56 delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts (34) |
| Second Continental Congress | meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief (35) |
| Declaration of Independence | document drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain (36) |
| Articles of Confederation | the compact among the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states (38) |
| Shays's Rebellion | a 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1500 disgruntled and angry farmers, led by Daniel Shays, marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms (40) |
| New Jersey Plan | a framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states. Its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court with members appointed for life (42) |
| Virginia Plan | the first general plan for the Constitution offered in Philadelphia. Its key points were a bicameral legislature, and an executive and a judiciary chosen by the national legislature (41) |
| The Great Compromise | the final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two house legislature with the lower house elected by the people and with powers divided between the two houses. It also made national law supreme (42) |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that each slave was to be counted as 3/5 of a person for purposes of determining population for representation in the US House of Representatives (43) |
| Separation of Powers | a way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch, ensured by the Constitution (44) |
| Checks and Balances | a constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others (44) |
| Federal System | system of government where the national government and state governments share power, derive all authority from the people, and the powers of the government are specified in a constitution (44) |
| Enumerated Powers | Seventeen specific powers granted to Congress under Article I, section 8 of the Constitution (47) |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | the final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the Constitution (47) |
| Implied Powers | powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of delegated powers (48) |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state (50) |
| The Federalist Papers | Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state (50) |
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jesisarahsteph
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