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Campaigns & Election
Exam 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the TYPES of political advertisements that might appear on television? | Biography Record Issue Attack Response |
What are the STYLES of political advertisements that might appear on television? | Talking Head Documentary Creative/Production Info-mercial |
What are the APPEALS of political advertisements that might appear on television? | Facts Humor Emotion Endorsements: Testimonials Endorsements: Person on the Street |
Naval Appropriations Bill of 1867 | - Prohibited federal officials from requesting political contributions from workers in the Naval Yard - Applied to all government workers in Civil Service Reform Act |
Tillman Act of 1907 | Forbade corporations and banks from directly contributing to candidates for federal offices. |
Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1910 | Required public disclosure from all congressional candidates. |
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 | - Contribution limits on PACs, individuals, parties and candidates to their own campaign - Expenditure limits on candidates and groups independent of candidates - Public funding for presidential primary and election candidates. - EEC |
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 | - Increased contribution limits - Prohibited national parties from raising or spending soft money - Required state & local parties to pay for federal elections with hard money - Prohibited federal candidates from raising or spending soft money - No mi |
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 Continued... | - Prohibited corporations & unions from using soft money for electioneering communications - Required disclosure of electioneering communications - Required political parties to choose between making coordinated expenditures or independent expenditures |
McConnell v. FEC (2003) | - Minors must be allowed to contribute - Can't limit expenditure of political parties |
Anthony Downs, "Economic Theory of Democracy" and The Economic Theory of Voter Turnout | If the median voter can be identified, then the choice of candidates and the choice of policies will gravitate toward the positions of the median voter. |
The Party Identification Model | - Psychological attachment to a political party - People less partisan today - Deviating elections makes party registration important |
The Issues Model | Voting based on issues |
The Retrospective Model | - Based on what the voters know did happen - Vote based on the performance of the incumbent |
Myth of the Independent Model | - The idea of independent voters is a myth - Independent voters are just as likely to vote for the party they lean towards |
What factors best explain why voters do not turn out to vote? | - Elections laws prohibit or discourage voting - Psychological & skill behaviors - Weak link between party organizations & party in the electorate - Insufficient information about candidates & offices |