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Neuropsychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neuropsychology | studies the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviors; aims to study, assess, understand, and treat behaviors directly related to brain functioning. |
| Visual Agnosia | an impairment of recognition of visually presented objects |
| apperceptive agnosia | profound difficulties on a patient's ability to recognize visually presented info (perceptual processing is affected): they can see, but cannot perceive (see 4 sides of a square, but cannot say square) |
| Results of Apperceptive agnosia | picture naming impaired; brain damage in proximity to left occipital lobe; can recognize/ process faces, but not objects (man recognizes son) |
| Associative agnosia | impairment in recognition or assigning meaning to a stimulus that is accurately perceived;attributed to dame in the left anterior temporal lobe and can be caused by stroke, brain tumor, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc. |
| Results of Associative agnosia | individuals can distinguish/categorize object, but are unable to identify the object, its features or its functions; cannot connect the meaning with what they perceive |
| Akinetopsia (motion blindness) | patient cannot perceive motion and cannot do visuomotor tasks such as reaching for/catching objects (eg. did not know when to stop pouring coffee into the keep because cannot perceive the movement of fluid rising); Damage in posterior visual cortex (V5) |
| Prosopagnosia | inability to recognize other peoples' faces and own face (can process objects); recognize people by their voices/clothes; results from bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus |
| Fusiform gyrus/ fusiform face area | region of cortex on the inferior surface of brain where the occipital and temporal cortices meet; Damage may result in more than inability to recognize faces (car enthusiasts can't distinguish btw car makes) |
| Phineas Gage | Injury confined to orbitofrontal and both frontal lobes=> results in collection of emotional, motor and cognitive changes: emotional reactivity, impulsive behavior, Absence of concern for past and future, shallow emotions, IQ largely unaffected |
| Prefrontal Lesions | strange impairments in behavior, especially in executive function (eg. patients given simple set of errands may be unable to complete them without numerous false starts, backtracking and confusion); perseverate; test includes Wisconsin Card Sorting Task |
| Executive Function | high-level control of other cognitive functions in order to make "suitable" plans for action |
| Perseverate | continue to show behavior repeatedly |
| Wisconsin Card Sorting task | continually repeat: sorting/categorizing cards by color and then by number |
| Hemispatial Neglect | brain damage to right inferior parietal cortex; neglect left side of both body and space (eg. patient may fail to dress their left side of the body) |
| Anosognosia | patients maintain that they are capable of engaging in their customary activities and do not recognize the signs of hemineglect. |
| Asomatognosia | may deny the "ownership" of their own left arm or leg |
| Sexual Orientation | attracted to one sex or the other (attraction exists in form of desires, interests, infatuations, and fantasies) |
| Fraternal Birth-Order Effect | being born after a brother increases the likelihood of being gay (only for boys) |
| Simon LeVay | Heterosexual men have a certain cell cluster in hypothalamus that is larger than gay men and women; also gay men are more likely to be poets, fiction writers, artists and musicians. |
Created by:
mariaramos2012
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