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Module 13
Psychology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Social Smile | Smiling elicited by social stimuli, such as seeing a parent's face |
Affectional Needs | Emotional needs for love and affection |
Emotional Attachments | Especially close emotional bonds that infants form with their parents, caregivers, or others |
Social Development | The development of self-awareness, attachment to parents or caregivers, and relationships with other children and adults |
Surrogate Mother | A substitute mother |
Contact Comfort | A pleasant and reassuring feeling human and animal infants get from touching or clinging to something soft and warm, usually their mother |
Separation Anxiety | Distress Displayed by infants when they are separated from their parents or principal caregivers |
Secure Attachment | A stable and positive emotional bond |
Insecure-Avoidant Attachment | An anxious emotional bond marked by a tendency to avoid reunion with a parent or caregiver |
Insecure-Ambivalent Attachment | An anxious emotional bond marked by both a desire to be with a parent or caregiver and some resistance to being reunited |
Parental Styles | Identifiable patterns of parental caretaking and interaction with children |
Authoritarian Parents | Parents who enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority |
Power Assertion | The use of physical punishment or coercion to enforce child discipline |
Withdrawal of Love | Withholding affection to enforce child discipline |
Self-Esteem | Regarding oneself as a worthwhile person; a positive evaluation of oneself |
Overly Permissive Parents | Parents who give little guidance, allow too much freedom, or do not require the child to take responsibility |
Authoritative Parents | Parents who supply firm and consistent guidance combined with love and affection |
Management Techniques | Combining praise, recognition, approval, rules, and reasoning to enforce child discipline |
Maternal Influences | The aggregate of all psychological effects mothers have on their children |
Paternal Influences | The aggregate of all psychological effects fathers have on their children |