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Psych 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of inferential statistic meets the following criteria: 1. The results of this test are interpreted as relationship 2. This test is used for correlational designs | Pearson's r |
| What kind of study is appropriate? 1. When the safety of the treatment has not yet been established 2. When the target population is rare 3. When the treatment is expensive | Case Study NO: When the researcher wants to use random assignment to groups |
| What kind of Variable? Number of cigarettes smoked in 24 hours | Dependent Variable |
| What kind of Variable? Age | Dependent Variable |
| What kind of Variable? Level of aggression | Dependent Variable |
| What kind of Variable? Amount of time spent studying | Dependent Variable |
| Once a product is approved and put on the market, does the FDA have the authority to remove it at any time if it is no longer safe or effective? | YES |
| Which type or inferential statistic meets the following criteria: 1. The results of this test are interpreted as cause and effect 2. This test is used for experimental designs with one independent variable and only two groups | t-test |
| A conclusion that determines that two or more dependent variables are linked or related, not that they caused the change in the others. | Relationship Conclusion |
| Which research designs has a relationship conclusion? | Quasi-experimental Correlational |
| The 5 major steps of the FDA review process in order | Preclinical Trials Phase I Clinical Trials Phase II Clinical Trials Phase III Clinical Trials New Drug/Device Application(NDA) is submitted to the FDA |
| According to the textbook, quasi-experimental designs are interpreted the same as which other type of research design? | Correlational |
| Which type of inferential statistic meets the following criteria: 1. The results of this test are interpreted as relationship 2. This test is used for correlational and quasi-experimental designs | Chi Square |
| Researches us ____________ statistics to draw conclusions from their findings | Inferential |
| Which type of research design will always have an independent variable with random assignment to groups? | Experimental |
| Which type of inferential statistic meets the following criteria: 1. The results of this test are interpreted as cause and effect 2. This test is used for experimental designs with any number of variables and groups | ANOVA |
| inferential statistic symbol: F | ANOVA |
| Inferential statistic symbol: t | t-test |
| Inferential statistic symbol: r | Pearson's r |
| Inferential statistic symbol: x^2 | Chi Square |
| In relation to research ethics, the Institutional Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ensures that all institutions are following federal regulations and ethical and moral principles when using ___________ as subjects. | Animals |
| Describe the 1st step of the FDA review process | The stage of the FDA review process where animals are tested to determine 1) if the product is safe for human use 2) if the product produces the desired effect. |
| Describe the 2nd step of the FDA review process | Where researchers administer the product to healthy individuals at increasing doses until signs of toxicity are found. Once toxicity signs appear, the study is stopped. |
| Describe the 3rd step of the FDA review process | Where the product can be given at a dose that is not toxic, the product is administered to a small number of patients <50) with the target disease. The major goal of this stage is to determine the efficacy of the product while monitoring signs of toxicity |
| Describe the 4th step of the FDA review process | Where the product is tested on as many different populations with the target disease (>100) as possible. The major goal of this stage is to determine if the product is as safe and equally or more effective than products already on the market. |
| Describe the 5th step of the FDA review process | Where an application to put the product on the market is submitted to the FDA. The FDA can then reject the product, approve the product or ask the company to run additional tests or reanalyze the data in different ways. |
| The rule of _________ states that in order for learning to occur, the events or stimuli to be learned must occur within no more than 1.8 seconds | Contiguity |
| _______ is the method of reversing classical conditioning that involves repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus | Extinction |
| ______ is the method of reversing classical conditioning that involves replacing fear with relaxation to treat phobias | Counter Conditioning |
| Systematic desensitization and Biofeedback are examples of what? | Counter conditioning |
| Classical and operant conditioning are examples of which type of learning? | Associative |
| When an association is learned between a specific behavior and the consequences of that behavior, which type of associative learning has occurred? | Operant Conditioning |
| According to the textbook, short-term memory is processed in the ______, a structure found within the temporal lobe. | Hippocampus |
| Type of consequences that are intended to decrease a person's behavior | Positive and Negative punishment |
| Our ability to ignore stimulus in our environment refers to which type of learning? | Non-associative |
| Type of learning is when information is processed at three different levels: sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory | Cognitive |
| What makes several structural changes during normal learning to store information? | Neurons |
| Which of the structural changes take place when learning occurs | Increase release of glutamate Increase in the number of spines on dendrites Increase in the number NMDA receptors |
| The rule of _______ states that in order for learning to occur, the conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | Contingency |
| Removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away your cell phone, refers to which type of consequence | Negative Punishment |
| What type of consequences are intended to increase a person's behavior? | Positive and Negative Reinforcement |
| Removing an aversive stimulus, such as washing the dishes, refers to which type of consequence | Negative reinforcement |
| According to the textbook, which psychiatric disorder leaves patients with an impaired habituation response, and therefore an exaggerated startle response | Schizophrenia |
| _____ is our tendency to fill in the missing details of our incomplete memories with details that sound plausible | Confabulation |
| Your favorite video game requires you to achieve 500 tokens before you can advance to the next level. This is an example of __________ schedule reinforcement. | Fixed Ratio |
| In high school, you worked at your local grocery store bagging groceries at the check out line for $8.25 an hour. This is an example of ________ schedule of reinforcement. | Fixed interval |
| Adding an aversive stimulus, such as extra chores, refers to which type of consequence | Positive punishment |
| A type of non-associative learning that gradually reduces our startle response is called ________. | Habituation |
| Snapping your fingers and feeling the brief sensation it brings is an example of which type ofmemory | Sensory Memory |
| Our tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list refers to the ________ effect. | Primacy |
| Adding a desirable stimulus, such as increasing your allowance, refers to which type of consequence | Positive reinforcement |
| Our tendency to remember words at the end of a list refers to the ______ effect | Recency |
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tennkait
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