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COM Exam 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
communication | the creation of shared meaning using symbolic processes |
Speaker, Receiver, Message, Channel, Feedback, Situation, Noise, Background/Frame of Reference | components of communication |
speaker/sender | Originator of the idea and one who encodes and communicates of the message |
receiver | Individual or group that hears and hopefully listens to the message |
individual frame of reference | A unique set of life experiences and education that shape an individual’s personality, attitudes, beliefs, values and behaviors |
message | Symbolic representation of the speaker’s idea; is encoded and decoded |
channel | Means of getting the message from speaker to receiver |
feedback | Receiver’s response to speaker’s message |
setting | The time, occasion, environment, culture and space in which the communication takes place |
noise | Interference with communication of the message |
External | noise in the environment/setting |
Internal | noise inside the speaker or receiver |
Semantic | noise related to language (accent, unfamiliar language or unfamiliar vocabulary) |
speech apprehension | |
Alarm reaction, Resistance stage, Exhaustion phase | general adaptation syndrome |
Alarm reaction | a shot of adrenaline releases to prepare you for the task at hand |
Resistance stage | body senses that adrenaline is working to help you cope & allows the energy to flow to body parts best able to help tackle the task |
Exhaustion phase | for public speaking, this means the exhaustion & relief you experience after the speech. It takes approximately 5-10 minutes before you return to a normal resting heart rate. |
anticipatory stage | any time that you just think about being in front of the audience all the way to the minutes and seconds of thoughts and feelings prior to the speaking event. |
Known Speaker, Unknown Speaker, Speaker Expertise, Reminder from Aristotle: Intelligence Character Goodwill Dynamism | Perception of speaker |
Prior Awareness of Topic, Attitudes, Beliefs and Values, Opinions | perception of topic |
demographics | personal traits |
Personal Gain, Event Influenced, Life Situation Influenced, Maslow’s Hierarchy | audience motivation and needs |
self-actualization needs | Personal identity, independence, happiness, and potential |
self-esteem needs | Respect from others and ourselves |
social needs | Belonging with others |
safety needs | Clothing and shelter |
physiological needs | Food, water, and air |
maslow's hierarchy of needs | physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, self-actualization needs |
Complete Information, Accurate Information, Current Information, Misinformation, Biased Information | audience knowledge |
Physical Environment, Technology Available, Time of Day, Order of Speaker in Event, Reason for Audience Gathering, Expectations | setting/occasion |
Hearing | Physiological process whereby sound waves travel through the air and impact the eardrum |
Listening | Psychological process whereby people attach meanings to aural signals |
Hearing, Attending, Understanding, Evaluating, Responding | stages of listening |
Hearing | taking in message stimuli |
Attending | direct attention |
Understanding | apply meaning |
Evaluating | judge worth |
Responding | reaction |
Appreciative, Informative/Discriminative, Critical/Evaluative, Empathic | Types of Listening |
Appreciative listening | listen for enjoyment |
Informative/Discriminative listening | listen to learn |
Critical/Evaluative listening | listen to reach conclusion |
Empathic listening | listen to another human |
Yielding to distractions, Blocking out communication, Failing to concentrate, Selective listening, Overcriticizing the speaker, Faking attention, Avoiding difficult listening | barriers to effective listening |
active listening | Withhold judgment on speech / speaker, Be physically & mentally prepared, Give attentive feedback, Eliminate distractions, Listen for transitions, Listen for verbal & nonverbal cues, Hear the speaker out |