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Psychology Unit 3.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| lesion | tissue destruction; naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue |
| electroencephalogram | an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. |
| CT scan | a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain's structure. |
| PET scan | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a give task. |
| MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans who brain anatomy. |
| fMRI | a technique for revealing blood flow, and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans; shows brain function as well as its structure |
| brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions |
| medulla | the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing |
| thalamus | the brain' sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
| reticular formation | a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal |
| cerebellum | the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory |
| limbic system | neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |
| amygdala | two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion |
| hypothalamus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward |
| cerebral cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |
| glial cells | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they play a role in learning and thinking. |
| frontal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans and judgments. |
| parietal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the had and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position |
| occipital lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields |
| temporal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear. |
| motor cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movements |
| somatosensory cortex | area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations |
| association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. |
| plasticity | the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by recognizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience |
| corpus callosum | the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
| split brain | a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them |
| consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| cognitive neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition |
| dual processing | the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks |
Created by:
WoodardC18
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