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SWP Glossary Terms
SWP Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Block fund | A lump sum of money given by one level of government to a lower government for a specific purpose; the amount of the fund is usually calculated on a per capita basis. |
| Budget deficit | The amount by which government spending exceeds income. |
| Clawback | A public policy that requires high-income-earning individuals to repay part or all of the cash benefits they receive from an income security program |
| Decentralization | A process that involves one level of government transferring or "devolving" some or all of its functions, authority, and/or assets either to a lower level of government or to the private sector. |
| Fiscal Crisis | The negative economic impact of an accumulation of annual deficits, combined with a growing public debt. |
| Monetarism | An economic philosophy that maintains that inflation is caused by an excess amount of money in the economy; thus, monetarists urge governments to avoid dumping money into the economy-in other words, to minimize spending on public programs and services. |
| Public debt | The accumulated amount of government deficits. See also budget deficit and budgetary surplus. |
| Social deficit | A theory that emphasizes an excess of social and economic liabilities-such as hardship, unmet human potential, and limited opportunities-relative to social and economic assets. |
| Social welfare reform | An effort by government to restructure social welfare policies and related programs for the purpose of correcting a problem, improving conditions, or restoring a function to an former state. |
| Welfare state retrenchment | The efforts of government to curb the costs of social welfare programs, often by reducing or eliminating programs, or by replacing "generous" programs with more meagre ones. |
| Welfare-to-work Program | Provincial/territorial government initiatives designed to move welfare recipients off social assistance by making them work or train in exchange for benefits; an example of an active policy. A.k.a Workfare |
| Budgetary Surplus | The amount by which government income exceeds spending. |
| Fiscalization | A process whereby the value of policies and programs is measured not in terms of their actual results, but in view of their impact on budgets. The "fiscalization of social policy" refers to the use of the tax system to achieve social goals. |
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