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Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nature V. Nurture | - It's hardly ever either, but the interaction of both. - Biology is not destiny, the environment can have an effect |
| Warrior Gene | Causes you to be excessively aggressive |
| Cheater Gene | Causes you to have the urge to cheat on your partner |
| Down syndrome chromosomes and traits | Extra chromosome. Intellectual disability, and almond shaped wide set eyes. |
| Kleinfelters syndrome chromosomes and traits | Extra x chromosome. Male has reduced male traits, enlarged breasts, obesity, and excessive height |
| Turners syndrome chromosomes and traits | Missing an x chromosome. Females are short, unfertile, and sexually underdeveloped |
| How many chromosomes do people normally have | 23 |
| Dominant v. Recessive gene | dominant: only pne parent needs to have the gene to pass it in Recessive: both parents must have the gene to pass it on |
| What is an allele | A single strand of a gene that is inherited from a parent |
| What are the three periods of pregnancy? | Germinal, Embyronic, Fetal |
| What happens during the germinal period? | Fertilized zygote moves to the uturus. The mass of cells differenciate into specific types of cells. Placenta and umbilical cord forms |
| What happens during the embryonic period | Organs and structures begon to form. Embryo is an inch long with little eyes, nose, teeth, lips, arms and legs. Also a beating heart |
| What happens during the fetal period | Baby is a fetus. Growth and finishing. Organs develop more. |
| Name some teratogens, also what is a teratogen | It's a factor or substance that can cause a birth defect. Ex. mercury, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, marijuana, cocaine, hot temperatures |
| What is the self-righting reflex | If a child is born premarturely or underdeveloped, the child can catch up on development and certain milestones |
| Effects of alcohol on a baby - fetal alcohol syndrome | Alcohol is the largest cause of birth defects. Symptoms include stunted growth, facial deformities, and brain damage |
| What 3 things does a baby start to do immediately after it's born | Begins to breathe, blood begins to circulate, and body temperature is regulated |
| What are the 5 baby reflexes | Grasping, startle, rooting, stepping, sucking |
| 6 milestones for babies | Raising head and chest, rolling over, sitting with support, sitting without support, crawling, walking |
| What are piagets 4 stages of development | sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete observations, formal observations |
| Describe and say the age of the stage sensorimotor | birth – 2. Senses and motor abilities to learn. Learns object permenance at the end of the stage |
| Describe and say the age of the stage preoperational | 2 – 7. Developing language and concepts. Lots of questions. Believe everything they see (ex. Santa). Egocentrism, Centration, Irreversibility |
| Describe and say the age of the stage concrete observations | 7 – 12. Understand conservation and reversible thinking. Don’t understand abstract concepts – must be able to see and touch for it to be real. Think they know more than their parents |
| Describe and say the age of the stage formal observations | 12 – adult. Abstract and hypothetical thinking. |
| Egocentrism | Preoperational stage. Can only see and understand the world through their own eyes |
| Centration | Preoperational stage. focusus only on one feature rather than all features. Ex. Cuttting a piece of cake in half and thinking that means there's more cake, longer row of pennies = more pennies |
| Irreversibility | Preoperational stage. Cannot reverse an action. Ex. pouring water in different sizes of glasses, mass differences with play dough. |
| Scaffolding and who came up with it | Vygotski. the teacher teaches the learner mostly at the beginning of the learning process, and then slowly withdraws as the learners skills improve |
| Zone of proximital intelligence and who came up with it | Vygotski. the difference between what the child can do on their own verses what they can do with help. Intelligence isn't what you know, it's what you can do. |
| Vygotskis theory of learning | It's important to interact with objects and other people for cognitive development |
| Erik Erikson and his contributions and theory (self-concept?) | studied personality and psychological development. developed the idea of self-concept: image of yourself that comes from the people you're surrounded with |
| Self concept in first year | Trust v. Mistrust. Babies learn how their needs are met |
| Self concept from 1-3 | Understand they control their own actions |
| Self concept from 3-5 | Take responsibility for actions and develop self-control |
| Self concept from 5-12 | compare themselves to others to determine success and failure |
| Self concept from 13-20 | Decide who they are, what they believe, and who they cant to become |
| Self concept from 20-30 | finding someone to share identity with in a relationship |
| Self concept from 40-50 | find a way to nurture the next generation |
| Self concept from 60-100 | coming to terms with the end of life. Wholeness and acceptance |
| 5 stages of language development in babies | cooing (make vowel sounds), babbling (make consonant sounds), one word speech (actual words), telegraphic speech (string words together [baby eat]), whole sentances (by 6 they are nearly fluent) |
| Temprement | behavioral characteristics established at birth as part of your personality. The basis of personality |
| 3 classifications of temperment | - Easy: happy, easily soothed, adapts easily to change - Difficult: loud, active, crabby - Slow to warm up: slow to adapt to change |
| Mary Ainsworths study | How children react when put in situations with a parent and stranger – attachment styles. Secure, avoidant, ambivilant, disorganized/disoriented. |
| Secure attachement and what mom is like | explore. Wary but calm in the presence of a stranger as long as momma is nearby. Easily soothed after being upset when momma leaves. - Loving, warm. Sensitive to childrens needs and communications |
| Avoidant attachement and what mom is like | No interest or concern with who is around, whether stranger or mother - Unresponsive, insensitive, rejecting |
| ambivilant attachement and what mom is like | Doesn't explore, doesn't like strangers at all, hard to soothe when momma leaves - tried to be responsive, but were inconsistent and insensitive to the babies actions |
| Disorganized/disoriented attachement and what mom is like | unable to decide how to react when momma gets back - Abusive and neglectful |
| Harry Harlows idea and study | - Attachment is more than just for food, but for contact comfort. - He had a wire surrogate mom with food, and a soft surrogate monkey mom. The baby monkeys spent more time with the soft monkey mom |
| What are 3 facts about vaccines | - Children cannot get the disease if they have an immunization - MMR vaccine does not cause autism in children - Immunization is needed because childhood diseases are still a thing |
| What are the effects of mercury? How much should you have? Can pregnant women have it? | Mercury is a teratogen that causes intellectual disability, and blindness in babies. You’re safe to eat fish twice a week but no more than that. Pregnant women are safe too |
Created by:
sara_hillyer
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