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TMR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| facts about colorectal cancer | may cause anemia secondary to chronic blood loss, may result in alternation between constipation and diarrhea, rectal forms are characterized by bloody stool, urgency, and leakage |
| cirrhosis | chronic liver disease characterized by diffuse and fibrotic regeneration of liver cells, leading to liver failure, commonly associated with alcohol abuse, can occur in biliary obstructions ,side effect of hepatitis(esp hep C), |
| cirrhosis symptoms | cause jaundice, ascites, altered mental state, clotting dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, itchiness |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones in the bladder |
| candidiasis | infection caused by overgrowth of yeast-like fungus in the digestive tract that can also effect nails, skin, mucus membranes of the GI tract and mouth |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity that covers the organs of the abdomen |
| acromegaly | excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults |
| stomach cancer risk factors | smoking and alcohol, genetic predisposition, pickled salted and smoked foods, association with atrophic gastritis chronic h pylori infection |
| crohn's disease | transmural inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the distal ileum and colon, with characteristics skip lesions |
| symptoms of crohn's disease | diarrhea, cramping, colicky pain and tenderness in right lower quadrant |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory and ulcerative disease in the colonic mucosa, characterized by bloody diarrhea that usually begins in the rectum and sigmoid colon and may spread upwards in a continuous connected series of lesions |
| appendicitis | medical emergency esp if perforation or rupture occurs, characterized by pain, leukocytosis, fever in complicated appendicitis, treated by open or laparoscopic appendectomy |
| types of trigger points | Active and Latent |
| Diverticulitis | bulging pouches in the GI wall that have become inflamed, infected and may cause fatal obstruction or hemorrhage |
| colorectal cancer | most common terminal cancer after lung, curable if detected early, most common visceral malignancy regardless of sex |
| Referred pain | trigger points have reliable referred pain pattern |
| where are trigger points found | in taut bands in the muscle |
| Latent trigger points | can have a twitch but no active referred pain pattern |
| active trigger point | referred pain, twitch, jump sign |
| what can active and latent trigger points prevent | FROM |
| characteristics of muscle tissue | 4 excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity |
| extensiblity | muscle lengthened and stretched |
| elasticity | muscle can recoil to orininal resting length |
| how much pressure into trigger point | pressure down until tissue barrier |
| active trigger point | actively referring pain, always hypersensative |
| characteristic of trigger point | local twitch response, hypersensativity |
| Muscle groups commonly have trigger points | glut groups, traps, scam, quads, HS |
| what muscle doesn't usually get trigger points | triceps |
| when do trigger points usually develop | after an injury, overuse elongated or contracted over a long period of time |
| which trigger point is more common | latent |
| how many metacarpals in each hand | 5 |
| how many bones in young adult skeleton | 206 |
| how many days can RBC's live | 120 |
| the upper limb attaches to the axial skeleton at the | sterno-clavicular jt |
| the lower limb attaches to the axial skeleton at the | sacro-iliac jt |
| the lateral malleolus is located on the | fibula |
| chemical body produces that give feeling of euphoria and analgesia | endorphins produced by the pituitary gland |
| endorphines | They're released from the pituitary gland of the brain during periods of strenuous exercise, emotional stress, pain, and orgasm. |
| muscles attach to muscles by | fascia |
| midline of body in which plane | mid-sagittal |
| two body systems that regulate homeostasis | nervous and endocrine |
| energy reserve stored in liver and muscles | glycogen |
| longest section of the small intestines | ileum |
| substance P | neuropeptide acting as neurotransmitter |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter, parts that use or are affected by are cholinergic, things that interfere with use are anticholinergic, motor neurons release at neuromuscular junction to active muscles, also used in ANS |
| periosteum | membrane that covers outer layer of all bones, except at joints of long bones |
| ATP | adenosone triphosphate, energy currency of life, transfers energy for metabolism, coenzyme, in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of every cell |
| glucose | blood sugar |
| small intestines sections in order | Duodenum, Jejumum and Ileum |
| where is appendix located | RLQ, sits at junction of small intestines and large intestines |
| when the pH of the body increases | alkaline |
| what does not raise blood glucose levels | insulin |
| cortisol and cortisone | stress hormone |
| insulin | peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by absorption of glucose from the blood into fat, liver and skeletal muscle cells. |
| epinephrine and nore epinephrine | hormones released by the thyroid gland in ANS for flight or fight, raises heart rate and BP |
| deoxygenated blood flows in the | right side of the heart and pulmonary arteries |
| largest sesamoid bone in the body | patella |
| non inflammatory joint disease | OA |
| inflammatory joint disease | psoriatic arthritis, RA, gouty arthritis |
| T3 and T4 increase | metabolism |
| erythropoietin stimulates | production of RBC's |
| hGH | amino acid released by pituitary gland=stress hormone that raises the concentration of glucose and free fatty acids |
| People Digest Jello in Intestines | 3 parts to small intestines Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum |
| endosteum | lines inner layer of all bones |
| pH less than 7 | acidic |
| systemic circulatory pathway | oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart. |
| 2 pathways in cardiovascular system | pulmonary and systemic circulation |
| pulmonary circulation | carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| systemic circulation | carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| alveoli | gas exchange, air with capillaries |
| pulmonary circulation pathway | R atrium-sup & inf venae cavae-tricuspid valve-R ventricle-R ventricle- pulmonary valve-pulmonary artery which splits -R and L pulmonary arteries- to each lung. oxygenated blood leaves lungs - pulmonary veins-L atrium, completing pulmonary circuit |
| glucagon | peptide hormone release by pancreas to increase glucose in blood, opposite of insulin |
| wehre is cuboid fracture | in foot |
| the ITB and TFL are what kind of tissue | fascia |
| opening for external auditory meatus found in which bone | temporal |
| bile | produced in liver, breaks down fats into fatty acids |
| hemoglobin | carries oxygen to other cells in body |
| ginglymus joints | hinge joints=knee, elbow, interphalangea |
| enarthrodial | freely moving , ball and socket |
| arthrodial | gliding joint |
| condyloid examples | Radiocarpal joint and Metacarpo-phalangeal joint |
| heart chamber with thickest myocardium | left ventricle because must create a lot of pressure to pump blood |
| Q angle used to assess | the knee |
| goniometer used to assess | ROM |
| thomas test used to assess | tight iliopsoas |
| hamstrings innervated by | sciatic nerve |
| pyloric sphincter | btw stomach and duodenum of small intestines |
| longest part of digestive tract | small intestines. |
| pacemaker of the heart | SA node located above the right atrium |
| upper right chamber of heart | right atrium |
| most important system for massage therapy | muscular |
| AV node | electrically connects the right atrium and right ventricle |
| bundle of His | heart muscle cells for electrical conduction, impulses from AV node |
| purkinje | heart's conduction system to create synchronized contractions of its ventricles, maintaining a consistent heart rhythm. |
| CANED | Lymphatic system=Capillary-Afferent vessel-Lymph node-Efferent vessel-Lymph Duct |
| Right Lymph Duct drains | 4 places R1/2 head, R 1/2 of neck, R upper chest, R UE |
| Left Lymph Duct Large | Drains everything else |
| UMN location | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Scap protraction | Serratus Anterior and Pec major and minor |
| Scap Adduction | Pec Major and Lats |
| Scap Adduction | Supraspinatus and Deltoid |
| acquired immunity is considered | specific response to specific antigens |
| barrier formed by the skin | epithelial surface primary barrier |
| protective mechanism we are born with | natural immunity |
| lysosomes in tears | enzyme secreted by lacrimal gland, dissolve cell walls of bacteria |
| colostrum in breast milk | natural passive immunity |
| cells that produce antibodies | plasma cells |
| helper cells | promote B-lymphocytes to produce antibodies |
| killer cells | part of immune system, rapid responses to viral-infected cells |
| supressor cells | part of T-cells , prevent autoimmune disease |
| immunity to a disease you already had | |
| vaccination | tricks body into thinking already had disease |
| gamma globulin injections | temporarily boost patients immunity |
| imunoglobins involved in allergic reaction | IgE, histamine |
| IgG | smallest, Rh factor |
| IgA | mucous secretions |
| IgM | largest, does not cross , antibody produced by B cells |
| antigen that produces an allergic reaction | allergen |
| antibody | Imunnoglobulins(Ig), protein produced by plasma cells,neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. |
| immunoglobin | Antibody |
| plasma cell | B-cells =WBC's that secrete antibodies |
| 4 hypersensitivity reactions | Type I, II, III, IV |
| which hyper sensitivity reaction involves Tcell | Type IV |
| Type I | antigen antibody |
| Type II | cytotoxic |
| Type III | immune complex reaction |
| immune complex reactions found in Type III found in which disease | RA and SLE |
| which type Allergy or anaphylaxis | Type I |
Created by:
mloft
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