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TMR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| splenius cervicis origin and insertion | O:SP T3-T6, I: TP's C1-C3 |
| action of splenius cervicis | V rule on posterior part of body: Ipsilateral lat flexion and rotation of neck and bilateral extension of the neck |
| isometric contraction | increase muscle tone with no change in length of muscles |
| muscle contraction injuries occur mostly during | eccentric contraction |
| Hip flexor muscles | TRIPS=TFL, rectus femoris, iliacus, psoas major, sartorius |
| psoas minor | slender muscle anterior to psoas major, weak trunk flexor (does not cross hip joint) |
| "I" Rule of rotation | all muscles that start with "I" and all muscles in its group Ipsilateral rotate |
| Name muscles that follow "I" rule of rotation | internal oblique, Iliocostalis and other muscles in ES group=longissimus and spinals |
| "T" rule of rotation | every muscle with the letter "T" as the 1st,2nd, or 3rd letter will do contralateral rotations |
| name muscles that follow "T" rule of rotation | Traps, STernocleidomastoid, AnTerior scalenes, ExTernal oblique, Transversepinalis group=semispinalis, multifidis, rotatores |
| distal attachement for biceps femoris | attaches on lateral side of knee onto fibular head |
| what muscles origin is on ischial tuberosity | 4=hamtrings(3) and adductor magnus |
| what muscle is considered fourth hamstring | adductor magnus |
| distal attachment of biceps femoris | fibular head |
| lateral mallelous located on the | fibula |
| which muscle most responsible for supporting body weight under crutches | tricep brachii |
| rotator cuff problem pain with extreme abduction of shoulder. which muscle | supraspinatus |
| which is only rotator cuff muscle that doesn't rotate | supraspinatus |
| which muscles make up pes anserine | gracilis, semitendinosis, sartorius |
| scaphoid | carpal bone |
| heel bone | calcaneous |
| where is hyoid located | neck |
| suprahyoid muscles | attach above hyoid bone, 4 muscles=digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles |
| proximal carpal bones lat to med | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform (sally left the party) |
| distal carpal bones lat to med | trapeziuM(thumb side), trapezoid, capitate, hamate (to take charlie home) |
| most common degenerative joint disease | OA |
| gouty arthritis | arthritis in people with high levels of uric acid |
| carpal tunnel syndrome nerve | median nerve |
| conus medullaris | where spinal cord ends, L1-L2 |
| cauda equina | bundle of nerves after spinal cord ends |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves | 31 |
| nerve branches of the brachial plexus | radial nerve, femoral nerve, axillary nerve |
| chin points towards which direction in right-sided torticollis | left |
| ES medial to lateral | SLI=spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis |
| patient lying supine toes are pointing inward which muscle tight | piriformis |
| TFL action | abduction, flexion and medial rotation |
| which muscle does horizontal adbuction | piriformis |
| which scalene is called mini SCM | anterior scalene =same action |
| HIV is transmitted by | contact with blood and bodily fluids, intravenous drug use and shared needles, contaminated transfusions or blood clots |
| HIV cannot be transmitted by | casual contact and non-sexual contact |
| which cells does the AIDS virus primarily attack | T-helper cells T4 |
| symptoms of AIDS | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, kaposis sarcoma, loss of helper Tcells, opportunistic fungal infections |
| characteristics of cancerous cells | uncontrolled growth, lack of differentiation, local tissue invasion, metastases to distant locations |
| characteristics of benign tumors | well differentiated cells, growth rate slow and progressive, do not cause tissue death unless it interferes with blood flow |
| non-cancerous lymph node symptoms | node very tender to the touch, moveable with palpation, lymph node may change in size within days |
| most common terminal cancer regardless of sex | lung |
| cachexia | weakness and wasting away of tissues in cancer patients |
| which tumors metastasize | malignant |
| which tumors can grow their own blood vessels | malignant and benign |
| sarcomas derive from | connective tissue |
| carcinomas derive from | epithelial tissue |
| anaplastic cells | cancer cells that divide rapidly and have little or no resemblance to normal cells. |
| CIS | carcinoma in situ=spread beyond the original location |
| common factors in cancer development | ionizing radiation, nuclear fallout, x-rays, tobacco, high fat diets, PAHs, PCBs, nitrosamines in food, virus infections such as EBV< HPV, immunosuppressation, heredity in certain cancers |
| mechanisms of genetic change involved in carcinogenesis | point mutations of single bases in DNA, converting photo-oncogenes into functional oncogenes, shutting off grown inhibiting regulartory genes, viral genome incorporation into target tissue chromosomes |
| an elective abortion | dilatation and curettage |
| transurethral resection | surgical procedure that is used both to diagnose bladder cancer and to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder |
| cystectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder. |
| nephrolithotomy | minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound |
| causes for spontaneous abortion | progesterone deficiency in pregnanc, smoking, infections, diabetes, genetic abnormalities of fetus, autoimmune diseases that interfere with implantation |
| primary dysmenorrhea | menstrual pain associated with ovular cycles in the absence of pathological findings |
| secondary dysmenorrhea | menstual pain for which an organic disease exists |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| dyspareunia | difficult or painful sexual intercourse |
| endometriosis | aberrant growth of endometrium tissue outside the uterus particularly in the pelvis and ovaries and common cause of abnormal bleeding and menstrual pain |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | acute infection of upper genital tract, caused by a variety of sexually transmitted bacteria |
| leiomyomas | most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract |
| fibroid tumors consist of | connective tissue and smooth tissue |
| screening for cervical cancer | PAP test |
| signs and symptoms of cervical cancer | dysplasia or neoplasia of cells, bloody discharge, purulent or smelly exudate, metastasis which results in lower extremity edema, local extension via fistulas into bladder, rectum |
| ovarian cyst | fluid filled growth on ovaries |
| fibroids | non-cancerous tumors made of connective tissue and smooth muscle |
| ovarian cancer risk factors | more common in women with familial disposition or are nulliparous, associated with birth control pills, high fat diet, if patient has BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, after radiation, asbestos and talc exposure |
| risk factors for breast cancer | familial disposition, nulliparity, fibrocystic disease, hormone replacement therapy, estrogen hormone supplements with progesterone |
Created by:
mloft
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