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NCMHCE Diagnoses
DSM-5 disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning Disorders | learning and academic difficulty, evidenced by problems in one of these areas for at least 6 months (after interventions) - spelling, math reasoning, math calculation and number sense, reading, reading comprehension, grammar and syntax |
| Possible specifications for Learning Disorders | - impairment in reading, impairment in mathematics, or impairment in written expression - mild, moderate, or severe |
| Communication Disorders | Language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering), and social communications disorder |
| Intellectual Disability | Correlated with significant limitations in everyday functioning that are present early in life and before age 18 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorders | impairment in social interaction/language for social communication and restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activites |
| examples of qualitative impairment in social interaction and in communciation | absence of peer relationships, lack of social or emotional reciprocity, impairment in nonverbal behavior, delay in spoken language, impairment in conversation, stereotyped or repetitive language , lack of developmentally appropriate play |
| examples of restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors (RRB's), interests, and activities | preoccupations with stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest, inflexible adherence to routines, stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms, preoccupation with parts of objects |
| Examples of noticeable, specific behavior patterns characteristic of Autism | lack of eye contact and disinterest in presence of others, infants who rarely reach out to a caregiver, hand-flapping, rocking, spinning, echolalia, obsessive interest in narrow subject, heavy emphasis on routine and consistency |
| severity levels of Autism | level 1 (requires support), level 2 (requiring substantial support), and level 3 (requiring very substantial support) |
| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Individual displays at least 6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity for at least 6 months. Onset must be before age 12. Must not be motivated by anger or wish to displease others. |
| symptoms of inattention | difficulty sustaining tasks or play, not listening when addressed, failing to finish work, easily distracted, forgetfulness, frequently loses things, avoids tasks that need prolonged mental exertion |
| symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity | frequent fidgeting or squirming, running or climbing in inappropriate situations, difficulty playing quietly, excessive talking, interrupting, intruding on others, restless |
| ADHD subtypes | Predominantly Inattentive Type, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, or Combined Type |
| Classifications of Motor Disorders | developmental coordination disorders, stereotypic movement disorders, and tic disorders |
| Classifications of Tic Disorders | Tourettes' disorder, persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, and provisional tick disorder |
| Tics | sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations that feel irresistible yet can be suppressed for varying lengths of time |
| Tourette's Syndrome | neurological disorder with at least one vocal tic and multiple motor tics, and appears before the age of 18. Likely to be accompanied by obsessions, compulsions, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility |
| Conduct Disorder | Must evidence 3 or more symptoms in past year. Aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, stealing or lying, violation of rules. Must cause impairments. Not better classified as antisocial personality disorder (over 18). |
| Two Basic Types of Conduct Disorder | Life-course-persistent type (begins early and gets worse) and Adolescence-limited type |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | patterns of negative behavior towards authority figures, frequent outbreaks of temper and rage, deliberately annoying people, blaming others, spite and vindictiveness. Less serious violations of basic rights of others than conduct disorders |
| Delirium | deficit in cognition or memory as compared to previous functioning. Disturbances in consciousnesses and either change in personality or development of perceptual abnormalities (memory loss, disorientation, impaired language, hallucinations, illusions) |
| Causes of Neurocognitive Disorders | Alzheimer's Disease, HIV/AIDS, Huntington's disease, vascular disease, Parkinson's disease |
| Neurocognitive Disorders | cognitive deficits like memory impairment (recall and recognition), aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and or impaired executive functioning. Depending on etiology, deficits may get worse ore remain stable. Person unlikely to admit impairments. |
| Pseudodementia | cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder. Contrary to neurocognitive disorders, deficits have rapid onset and usually worry person about his or her own health. Memory deficits in recall memory only. |
| Symptoms of Alcohol intoxication | maladaptive behavior and psychological changes, slurred speech, poor coordination, unsteady gate, nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movements), impaired attention and memory, stupor or coma |
| Symptoms of Alcohol withdrawal | autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremors, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, transient illusions or hallucinations, anxiety, psycho motor agitation, tonic/clonic seizures if use was heavy or prolonged |
| Symptoms of Alcohol withdrawal delirium | disturbances in consciousness and other cognitive functions, autonomic hyperactivity, vivid hallucinations, delusions, agitation following periods of prolonged or heavy use |
| Korsakoff syndrom | late sign of Wernicke's syndrome, which is most often caused by alcohol abuse. Characterized by retrograde and anterograde amnesia and confabulation. Due to thiamine deficiency |
| Characteristics of Amphetamine and Cocaine Intoxication | maladaptive behavioral and psychological changes; tachycardia; hypertension or hypotension; dilated pupils; perspiration or chills; nausea or vomiting; weight loss; pyschomotor agitation; muscular weakness; confusion; seizures |
| Symptoms of amphetamine and cocaine withdrawal | dysphoric mood, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor agitation or retardation, intense depression after prolonged or heavy use |
| Intermittent-Explosive Disorder | Loses control and lashes out with unwarranted behavior. Aggression us disproportionate to the stressor. For a diagnosis, there must have been several separate incidents of aggressive behavior resulting in serious assault or destruction of property. |
| Bipolar I Disorder | One manic episode. May or may not have experienced depressive or hypomanic episodes during course of illness. Bipolar Disorders are most genetic of all disorders. |
| Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) | Depressed mood that has lasted most of the day for more days than not for at least 2 years. Milder symptoms than Major Depressive Disorder. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | symptoms of anxiety and worry |
| Adjustment Disorder | psychological stressor leads to emotional symptoms. Starts within 3 months of the stressor and lasts up to 6 months (after stressor has ended). Sympoms impact work, school, or social performance. |
| Categories of Adjustment Disorder | - acute (lasting less than 6 months) - chronic (greater than 6 months, when stressor continues) |
| Specifiers of Adjustment Disorder | depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct, unspecified |
| Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder | child behaves in overly familiar way with unfamiliar adults, inconsistent with age-appropriate and sociocultural boundaries |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | Beliefs of supreme superiority and entitlement with lack of empathy. Fantasize about unlimited future success. Envious of others or think others are envious of them. Manipulate those around them to achieve their goals. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder (aka "sociopath" or "psychopath") | Refusal to conform to social norms. Must be over 18 yrs old and have history of Conduct Disorder before age 15. Symptoms include criminal behavior, lying, impulsiveness, aggression, irritability. |
| Bipolar II Disorder | At least 1 hypomanic episode in lifetime. Suffer more often from episodes of depression. Bipolar Disorders are most genetic of all disorders. |
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