Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
DU PA Peds Hlth Main
Duke PA Pediatric Health Maintenance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common method of preventing infectious diseases available to practitioners | Immunizations |
| Name the 15 diseases against which US infants and children are vaccinated | Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, varicella, rubella, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rotavirus, meningococcal meningitis, HPV and pneumococcal disease |
| What is DTap | Diptheria Tetanus and acellular pertussis, this is a vaccine for young children |
| What is Tdap | Tetanus diphtheria and pertussis, older child and adult vaccine |
| If you give someone a live vaccine how long do you need to wait before doing a TB skin test | It is ok if you do them at the same time. If you give the live vaccine first you have to wait 6 weeks for the TB skin test. |
| Vaccination or Immunization – the actual process of administering agent (toxoid, antitoxin or Ig) | Vaccination |
| Vaccination or Immunization – the process of inducing immunity which is active or passive | Immunization |
| Vaccination results in active or passive immunity | Active |
| What are the 5 types of vaccine | Live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, recombinant, conjugated |
| What is the purpose of an adjuvant (aluminium salts) in a vaccine | Enhance host response |
| How many doses of live attenuated vaccine does it usually take to confer immunity | Usually one |
| What are some examples of inactivated vaccines | Influenza (TIV), polio, hep A/B, diphtheria, tetanus, pneumococcal, meningococcal, HIB, HPV |
| What are some examples of live attenuated vaccines | Measles, mumps, rubella, MMR, varicella, yellow fever, rotavirus, influenza (LAIV) |
| What type of vaccine (recombinant, conjugate, subunit) – genes that code for a specific viral protein are expressed in another microbe (Hep B, HPV) | Recombinant |
| What type of vaccine (recombinant, conjugate, subunit) – vaccines for bacteria with polysaccharide capsules, linked to protein carriers (pneumococcal, HIB, meningococcal) | Conjugate |
| What type of vaccine (recombinant, conjugate, subunit) – produced from specific purified antigens (DTaP, Tdap) | Subunit |
| Most vaccines are administered by which route | IM |
| Currently most children receive __ vaccines between 0-18 years | 40 |
| What is the reason children are vaccinated against hep A | children often have asymptomatic and or unrecognized infections and therefore play a major role in transmission of disease to adults |
| Hep A vaccine is recommended for all children at __ of age | 12 months |
| What is the reason children are vaccinated for hep B | chronic infection is more likely if infection is acquired early in life, 25% of HBV infected infants will die of related disease, transmission from child to child has been documented |
| HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants and unvaccinated children by age __ | 11-12 years |
| Reason to vaccinate against pertussis | Pertussis infections occur in infants and young children and is highly contagious |
| The Tdap vaccine is for __ | Adolescents/adults |
| The DTap vaccine is for __ | Children up to age 7 |
| Adverse effects generally attributed to whole cell pertussis – have decrease dramatically with D Tap | High fever, unusual cry, seizures/rarely acute encephalitis |
| Reason for the HIB vaccine | Before vaccine availability HiB was the #1 cause of bacterial meningitis in children <5 with a high rate of neurologic problems. It was also a big cause of pneumonia, cellulitis, epiglottitis, and septic arthritis |
| Reason for the polio vaccine | Highly infectious, viral meningitis and paralytic polio |
| When were the Americas declared polio free | 1994 |
| Reason for the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine | Few clinicians recognize measles, measles cause >1million deaths/yr worldwide, fetal rubella can result in devastating sequelae, the combined vaccine is more effective than individual components |
| Reason for varicella vaccine | Highly infectious, before vaccine complications accounted for more than 80% of the 10,000 annual hospital admissions, neonatal infections are particularly severe, infections in young adults can be life threatening |
| Reason for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) | S. pneumo responsible for many cases of serious, invasive disease in children <5 yrs |
| Reason for rotavirus vaccine | Major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children 0-5 yrs (1/80 US infants hospitalized annually), highly contagious |
| LAIV is now approved for healthy kids as young as __ | 2 years |
| Do not immunize children <__ of age against influenza | 6 months |
| __ allergy may be a contraindication for influenza vaccine | Egg |
| Do not give LAIV to children <5 years of age with a history of __ | Wheezing |
| Why vaccinate against influenza | Highly contagious, 0-2 year olds at increased risk, children have highest attack rate |
| HPV vaccine (Gardasil) is recommended for __ | Females age 11-12 years |
| HPV vaccine (Gardasil) catch-up is recommended for __ | Females 13-26 years of age |
| Why vaccinate against HPV | HPV is now the most common STD in the US, prevalence is highest among sexually active females <25 years of age, infections occur early after onset of sexual activity, infection can lead to cervical cancer |
| What are the contraindications for vaccination | Severe allergic reaction, pregnancy (not all), known severe immunodeficiency, encephalopathy or other serious neurological sequelae after DTP or DTaP, influenza vaccine in patients with severe allergic reaction to eggs |
| What is the timing for pediatric office visits | 2-4 day, 1 month, 2 month, 4 month, 6 month, 9 month, 12 month, 15-18 month, 2 yr, Q yr |
| Measure head circumference every visit until __ | 2 years |
| When do formal vision tests begin (tumbling E’s, picture tests) | 3-4 years |
| __ month old should fixate on a face with eyes | 1 |
| What is the minimally acceptable visual acuity for a 3-5 y/o | 20/40 |
| What is the minimally acceptable visual acuity for a 6 y/o | 20/30 |
| Ocular malalignment | Strabismus |
| Loss of vision due to disuse | Amblyopia |
| When is the hearing screen performed | Before discharge from the hospital |
| When are children screened for anemia | Minimum: 12-24 months, 4-6 yo, & once after onset of menses |
| When are children screened for lead | At least once between 12 and 24 months |
| Name the 7 disorders/conditions newborns are screened for in NC | Amino acid disorders (including PKU), fatty acid disorders, organic acid disorders, biotinidase deficiency, hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, sickle cell disease |
| Most common cause of anemia | Iron deficiency |
| What are risk factors for anemia in children | Low birth wt, cow’s milk, anemic mother |
| Lead levels >__micrograms/dL is a medical emergency | 70 |
| Lead levels >__micrograms/dL causes colic, nausea, myalgia, seizures, headache, anemia | 50 |
| What is an acceptable level of lead | <10 micrograms/dL |
| Consider chelation at lead levels >__micrograms/dL | 25 |
| At what age should children be screened for lead | Between 12 and 24 |
| TB skin testing can be done as early as __ | 3 months |
| Cholesterol screening can be done as early as __ for those at risk | 2 years |
| What are risk factors for childhood hypercholesterolemia | Parent/grandparent with CAD or MI<55yo, parent cholesterol >240, overweight, evidence of insulin resistance |
| When should you put a child on cholesterol lowering medication (cholestyramine, colestipol) | >10 yo with LDL >190 after diet treatment |
| Children <__lbs should be in rear facing car seats | 20 |
| Children __lbs should be in front facing car seats | 20-40 |
| Children __lbs should be in booster seats | 40-60 |
| Children >__lbs or __ft can be in a regular lap/shoulder belt | 60, 4 |
| Vax administered SubQ | MMR, IPV, Varicella |
| Vax administered orally | rotavirus |
Created by:
bwyche
Popular Medical sets