Duke PA Pediatric Health Maintenance
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| What is the most common method of preventing infectious diseases available to practitioners | show 🗑
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| Name the 15 diseases against which US infants and children are vaccinated | show 🗑
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| show | Diptheria Tetanus and acellular pertussis, this is a vaccine for young children
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| What is Tdap | show 🗑
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| show | It is ok if you do them at the same time. If you give the live vaccine first you have to wait 6 weeks for the TB skin test.
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| show | Vaccination
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| Vaccination or Immunization – the process of inducing immunity which is active or passive | show 🗑
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| show | Active
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| What are the 5 types of vaccine | show 🗑
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| show | Enhance host response
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| How many doses of live attenuated vaccine does it usually take to confer immunity | show 🗑
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| What are some examples of inactivated vaccines | show 🗑
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| show | Measles, mumps, rubella, MMR, varicella, yellow fever, rotavirus, influenza (LAIV)
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| show | Recombinant
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| What type of vaccine (recombinant, conjugate, subunit) – vaccines for bacteria with polysaccharide capsules, linked to protein carriers (pneumococcal, HIB, meningococcal) | show 🗑
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| show | Subunit
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| Most vaccines are administered by which route | show 🗑
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| Currently most children receive __ vaccines between 0-18 years | show 🗑
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| show | children often have asymptomatic and or unrecognized infections and therefore play a major role in transmission of disease to adults
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| show | 12 months
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| show | chronic infection is more likely if infection is acquired early in life, 25% of HBV infected infants will die of related disease, transmission from child to child has been documented
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| HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants and unvaccinated children by age __ | show 🗑
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| Reason to vaccinate against pertussis | show 🗑
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| The Tdap vaccine is for __ | show 🗑
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| show | Children up to age 7
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| Adverse effects generally attributed to whole cell pertussis – have decrease dramatically with D Tap | show 🗑
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| show | Before vaccine availability HiB was the #1 cause of bacterial meningitis in children <5 with a high rate of neurologic problems. It was also a big cause of pneumonia, cellulitis, epiglottitis, and septic arthritis
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| show | Highly infectious, viral meningitis and paralytic polio
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| show | 1994
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| Reason for the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine | show 🗑
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| show | Highly infectious, before vaccine complications accounted for more than 80% of the 10,000 annual hospital admissions, neonatal infections are particularly severe, infections in young adults can be life threatening
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| Reason for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) | show 🗑
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| Reason for rotavirus vaccine | show 🗑
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| LAIV is now approved for healthy kids as young as __ | show 🗑
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| show | 6 months
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| show | Egg
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| show | Wheezing
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| Why vaccinate against influenza | show 🗑
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| show | Females age 11-12 years
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| HPV vaccine (Gardasil) catch-up is recommended for __ | show 🗑
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| show | HPV is now the most common STD in the US, prevalence is highest among sexually active females <25 years of age, infections occur early after onset of sexual activity, infection can lead to cervical cancer
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| What are the contraindications for vaccination | show 🗑
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| show | 2-4 day, 1 month, 2 month, 4 month, 6 month, 9 month, 12 month, 15-18 month, 2 yr, Q yr
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| show | 2 years
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| When do formal vision tests begin (tumbling E’s, picture tests) | show 🗑
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| show | 1
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| What is the minimally acceptable visual acuity for a 3-5 y/o | show 🗑
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| show | 20/30
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| Ocular malalignment | show 🗑
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| show | Amblyopia
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| When is the hearing screen performed | show 🗑
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| show | Minimum: 12-24 months, 4-6 yo, & once after onset of menses
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| When are children screened for lead | show 🗑
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| show | Amino acid disorders (including PKU), fatty acid disorders, organic acid disorders, biotinidase deficiency, hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, sickle cell disease
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| Most common cause of anemia | show 🗑
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| What are risk factors for anemia in children | show 🗑
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| show | 70
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| show | 50
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| What is an acceptable level of lead | show 🗑
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| Consider chelation at lead levels >__micrograms/dL | show 🗑
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| show | Between 12 and 24
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| show | 3 months
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| Cholesterol screening can be done as early as __ for those at risk | show 🗑
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| show | Parent/grandparent with CAD or MI<55yo, parent cholesterol >240, overweight, evidence of insulin resistance
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| When should you put a child on cholesterol lowering medication (cholestyramine, colestipol) | show 🗑
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| show | 20
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| show | 20-40
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| Children __lbs should be in booster seats | show 🗑
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| show | 60, 4
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| show | MMR, IPV, Varicella
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| show | rotavirus
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