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psychology
Biopsychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous system | consists of the central Nervous system and peripheral nervous system. |
| consists of the brain and spinal chord, is the origin of all complex commands and decisions | Central nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system | send information to the central nervous system from the outside work and from the CNS to the muscles and glands in the body |
| two sections the peripheral nervous system can be divided into | autonomic and somatic nervous systems |
| transmits information from the receptor cells in the sense organs to the central nervous system also receive information from the CNS directing muscles to act | Somatic nervous system |
| Autonomic nervous system | transmits information to and from internal body organs. it is autonomic as it operates involuntarily |
| the two further separations of the autonomic nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
| one of the body's main information systems which instructs glands to release hormones directly into the blood stream | the endocrine system |
| an organ in the body which synthesises substances such as hormones | Glands |
| the way an animal responds when stressed. the body becomes physiologically aroused so it is ready to either fight danger or run away | fight or flight response |
| the basic building blocks of the nervous system, nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals | neurons |
| carry message from the PNS to the CNS. they have long dendrites and short axons | Sensory neurons |
| connect relay neurons to sensory neurons. have short dendrites and short axons | Relay neurons |
| connect the CNS to effectors such as muscle and glands. they have short dendrites and long axons | motor neurons |
| how many types of neuron are there | 3 |
| the process by which neighbouring neurons communicate by sending chemical signals across the synaptic cleft which separates them | synaptic transmission |
| when a neurotransmitter such as adrenaline increases the positive charge of the post synaptic neuron increasing the chance that it will fire and the signal will be passed on | excitation |
| when a neurotransmitter such as serotonin increases the negative charge of the post synaptic neuron decreasing the chance that it will fire and the electrical impulse will continue | inhibition |
| the name given to the electrical impulse which travels down the axon of a neuron | Action Potential |
| the theory that different areas if the brain are responsible for different processes, behaviours and activities | localisation |
| an area of the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere responsible in most people for the production of speech | Broca's area |
| an area in the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere (in most people) responsible for language comprehension | wernicke's area |
| who used brain scans to support the existence of localisation and Broca's and Wernickes areas | pertersen 1988 |
| Neural Plasticity | The brains tendency to change and adapt (functionally and physically) as a result of a new experience or learning |
| a form of plasticity. the brain ability to after trauma redistribute the functions usually performed by damaged areas to undamaged areas | Functional recovery |
| who performed research into the plasticity of the brain by looking at London taxi drivers | Eleanor McGuire et al. 2000 |
| what did Eleanor McGuire find about the brains of London taxi drivers | she found the there was a significantly bigger amount of grey matter in the posterior hippo-campus than the control group |
| what three things happen in the brain during recovery | axonal sprouting, reformation of blood vessels and recruitment of homologous (similar) areas on the opposite side of the brain to perform specific tasks |
| what is axonal sprouting | the growth of new nerve endings which connect with other undamaged nerves to make new neuronal pathways |
| the idea that the two halves of the brain are functionally different and that certain mental processes and behaviours are mainly controlled by one hemisphere rather than the other | lateralisation |
| a series of studies which started in the 1960's involving epileptic patients who had undergone a commisurotomy of the brain , this allowed psychologists to study lateralisation | Split brain research |
| who was the main psychologist to perform split brain research | R Sperry, 1968 |
| what are the four ways of investigating the brain | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri's), electroencephalograms (eeg's) event related potantials (erp's) and post mortem examinations |
| a type of biological rhythm which is subject to a 24 hour cycle and regulates many body processes such as the sleep wake cycle and core temperature | circadian rhythm |
| a type of biological rhythm with a frequency of less than once every 24 hours e.g. menstrual cycle | Infradian rhythm |
| a type of biological rhythm which occurs more than once every 24 hours such as the stages of sleep | Ultradian rhythm |
| Seasonal Affective disorder | a depressive disorder which has a seasonal pattern of onset. it can either be classed as a circannual rhythm due to its yearly cycle or a circadian rhythm as it may be due to the diruption of the sleep wake cycle. |
| Which famous psychologist conducted a study of his own biological rhythms by spending 2 months in the caves of the southern alpes | Michael Siffre , 1962 |
| internal body clocks which regulate many of our biological rhythms such as the effect of the SCN on the sleep wake cycle | Endogenous Pacemakers |
| external cues which may affect or entrain our biological rhythms such as the affect of light on the sleep wake cycle | exogenous zeitgebers |
Created by:
Madz99
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