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COGOPO Vocab Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A system of government in which leaders are not put in power by free elections | Authoritarian |
| A system of government in which the legislative branch is divided into two chambers, an upper and a lower house | Bicameral |
| A type of administration characterized by specialization, professionalism, and security of tenure | Bureaucracy |
| A system of government in which power is divided between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches which check and balance each other | Checks and Balances |
| Protect individuals from government infringement, like free speech (Protects freedom) | Civil Liberties |
| Protections granted by the government to prevent discrimination against groups, like ethnic, religious minorities, and women. (Protects equality) | Civil Rights |
| Society considered as a community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity unconnected to the state | Civil Society |
| The division of voters into voting blocs/political division among political issues | Cleavage |
| A political ideology characterized by a belief in eliminating exploitation through public ownership and central planning of the economy. | Communism |
| A federal system of government in which sovereign constituent governments create a central government while a balance of power remains | Confederation |
| The introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles (Authoritarian to Illiberal Democracy to Liberal Democracy) | Democratization |
| System of government in which the sovereign central government gives some of its power to regional governments | Devolution |
| A system of government based on public decisions made by citizens meeting on an assembly or voting by ballot | Direct Democracy |
| A small group of elected officials who direct the policy process, and oversee the vast array of departments and agencies of government. | Executive Branch |
| An extreme form of nationalism that plays on fears of communism and rejected individual freedom, liberal individualism, democracy, and state limitations | Fascism |
| A system of government in which sovereignty is divided between a central government and several provinical or state governments | Federalism |
| The governing body of a nation, state, or community | Government |
| The person in effective charge of the executive branch of government | Head of government |
| An individual who represents the state but doesn't exercise much political power. (May control international affairs, Commander in Chief) | Head of State |
| Elections take place, but due to lack of civil liberties, citizens don't have knowledge about the actions/power of government. | Illiberal Democracy |
| A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force | Imperialism |
| A system of government in which the people control the government through elected political officials | Indirect democracy |
| The power of the courts to declare legislation unconstitutional | Judicial Review |
| The branch of government with the power to resolve legal conflicts that arise between citizens, government, or levels of government | Judicial Branch |
| The branch of government responsible for making laws for society | Legislative Branch |
| A system of government characterized by universal adult suffrage, political equality, majority rule, and constitutionalism. Emphasizes competition, participation, and liberty. | Liberal Democracy |
| Individuals with a shared identity which creates a psychological bond and a political community | Nation |
| State with a single, predominant national identity | Nation-State |
| The transfer of a major branch of industry or commerce from private to state ownership or control | Nationalization |
| A system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually/collectively responsible | Parliamentary System |
| A mutual arrangement between a person that has authority, social status, wealth, or some other personal resource and another who benefits from their support/influence | Patron-Client System |
| Attitudes, values, beliefs, and orientations that individuals in a society hold regarding their political system | Political culture |
| The citizen's faith and trust in their government and their belief that they can understand and influence political affairs | Political Efficacy |
| The struggle of any group for power that will give one or more persons the ability to make decisions for the larger group | Politics |
| The ability to exercise one's will over others | Power |
| A system of government where an executive branch is led by a president, elected by the public, who serves as both head of state and government. | Presidential system |
| An elected president AND a legislatively chosen prime minister | Semi-Presidential System |
| The sale of government-owned assets or activities to the private sector | Privatization |
| A decision on policy proposals by a direct vote of the electorate | Referendum |
| A system of government, especially an authoritarian one, that has not changed even though there have been different leaders | Regime |
| A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives | Republic |
| Belief that all actions, of individuals and governments, are subject to an institutionalized set of rules and regulations | Rule of Law |
| A leftist political ideology that emphasizes equality and prescribes a large role for government intervention. Supports private property | Socialism |
| The split of responsibilities and influence between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government | Separation of Powers |
| Supreme power of authority, the ability of a government to rule without internal or external influence | Sovereignty |
| When large businesses and labor unions are brought into the policy making process. This limits pluralism because small actors are left out. | Corporatism |
| Combination of people, territory, and sovereign government | State |
| A system of government in which priests rule in the name of a/the god(s) | Theocracy |
| A government that seeks to use power to transform the total institutional fabric of a country to meet an ideological goal. | Totalitarianism |
| When the government buys off its critics | Cooptation |
| Unicameral | |
| A system of government in which a single sovereign government rules the country | Unitary system |
| A system of government with both democratic and authoritarian elements | Hybrid Regime |
| Organizations or activities that are self perpetuation and valued for their own sake | Institutions |
| The people's belief that the government has the right to rule | Legitimacy |
| Based on a fair and understandable system of laws that are followed and apply to everyone | Rational/Legal Legitimacy |
| Belief that something is the way it should be because it has always been that way | Traditional Legitimacy |
| Belief in a government based on the ruler's engaging personality | Charismatic Legitimacy |
| The increasing interconnectedness of the world | Globalization |
| An ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state | Fundamentalism |
| When many groups compete in policy making | Pluralism |
| How people get into office | Elections |
| Awards one seat to the candidate with the most votes in a district | Single-Member District |
| Awards seats to political parties based on the percentage of votes received; there may be a threshold for getting seats | Proportional Representation |
| Uses elements of both single-member and proportional representation | Mixed electoral system |
| Citizens put measures before the citizenry for a vote (signatures) | Initiative |
| Court decisions are written down and serve as precedents for future cases (Concrete Review) | Common Law System |
| Based on rules written by the legislature | Code Law System |
| Able to manage state affairs with little internal or external conflict | Strong State |
| Cannot execute tasks very well, rules are haphazardly applied, and public noncompliance is widespread | Weak State |
| A forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system | Revolution |
| A change in leader brought about by a small group, often a military leader | Coup |
| Power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint, especially from the government | Freedom |
| A material standard of living shared by the collective within a community, society, or country | Equality |
| A cohesive set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and the ROLE OF GOVERNMENT | Political Ideology |
| The process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions | Political Socialization |
| Describe views regarding the necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality | Political attitude |
| Thinks the government has changed too much and that it should revert to a government of the past (Sometimes ideological government of past) | Reactionary |
| Thinks that things should change, but in a very slow way. Cautious of change. | Conservatives |
| Thinks change needs to happen slowly over time | Liberals |
| Wants to change very quickly, and replace the government because it doesn't work | Radicals |
| Governance belief that is based on who rules and who benefits form the rule | Aristotle's classification of government |
| Ability of state to wield power independently of internal or external conflict | Autonomy |
| Ability of state to wield power in order to carry out the basic tasks of providing security and reconciling freedom and equality | Capacity |
| Person's identification with racial or ethnic group | Ethnic Identity |
| Institution that binds people together through common political aspirations | National Identity |
| Binds people to the state | Culture |
| Belief that a group of people has its own unique destiny, often including a desire for a separate state | Nationalism |
| Pride in one's country, to the point where people defend and promote it | Patriotism |
| Characteristics that cause political division in a society | Political Cleavage |
| Different kinds of groups together, strengthening society | Cross Cutting Cleavages |
| A division that strengthens feels of difference and discrepancy, weakening society | Coinciding Cleavages |
| Class awareness which has declined in industrial and post-industrial society, but is a growing factor in the US | Social Class |
| One of most explosive cleavages, which leads to civil wars. | Ethnic Cleavage |
| Differing political values and attitudes often characterizing people living in different geographical regions | Regional Cleavage |
| Measure of the relationship between two variables | Correlation |
| When change in one variable causes a change in another variable | Causation |
| Emphasis on describing political systems and their various institutions | Traditional Approach |
| Shift from descriptive study to one that emphasizes causality, explanation, and prediction. Emphasis on individual political behavior over larger political structures. | Behavioral Revolution |
| As societies develop, they become capitalist democracies | Modernization Theory |
| Study through an in-depth investigation of a limited number of cases | Qualitative Method |
| Study through statistical data from many cases | Quantitative Method |
| Refers to the interaction of political and economic forms within a nation | Political Economy |
| Amount of goods available | Supply |
| Consumer willingness and ability to buy products | Demand |
| Amount customers pay for products and services | Price |
| Interactions between supply and demand | Market |
| Ownership of goods and services | Property |
| General increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money | Inflation |
| Decrease in the general level of prices | Deflation |
| Combination of inflation and recession, usually resulting from a supply shock | Stagflation |
| Very rapid rise in the price level | Hyperinflation |
| Reduced output, employment, investment, and confidence | Recession |
| Extreme recession | Depression |
| Increased output, employment, investment, and confidence | Recovery |
| Require countries to increase taxes and cut spending (Austerity measures) to improve budgets | Structural Adjustment Programs |
| Goods or services owned and provided by the state that are available to society and are indivisible (Roads, national defense, health care, and education) | Public Goods |
| State provision of public benefits, such as education, health care, and transportation. | Social Expenditures |
| Government provides support to citizens, such as unemployment enefits and health care | Welfare State |
| Economic Systems in which individuals own and operate businesses, like capitalism | Market economies |
| The government makes decisions regarding wages, prices, and production, and private property is limited, like communism | Command Economies |
| Combines features of both market and command economies | Mixed economy |
| Derive a significant portion of their revenues from rent | Rentier State |
| societies in which basic needs are met and citizens can concentrate on higher goals, like the environment | Post-Materialism |
| Belief that colonization leaves a legacy of poverty and poor governance | Dependency Theory |
| Move to a free market by reducing tariffs, trade barriers, and government control over the economy | Economic Liberalization |
| Measure which accounts for life expectancy, birth and death rates, education, quality of life, and wealth | HDI |
| Total value of goods and services produced in country | GDP |
| GDP divided by the population | GDP per capita |
| Takes cost of living and buying power into account when determining GDP | PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) |
| Measures Income Inequality | Gini Index |
| High GDP per capita and High HDI; Service based economies | Developed Countries |
| Emerging economies based on production | Developing Country |
| Low GDP per capita and high HDI; Agricultural | Underdeveloped Country |
| Poorest of the poor | Least Developed Country |
Created by:
Kittentms
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