Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 9: Post-Communist
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| East Ukraine | Russian Speakers, flexible border |
| West Ukraine | Want to join Europe, attempted free trade agreement, nationalist movement |
| Forces of Post-Communist Countries | Ethnic and national conflict become potent forces when under Communism, these were not allowed/encouraged Political polarization/badly constructed political institutions Tensions run risk of spilling across borders |
| Communism | Political ideology seeking to create human equality by eliminating private property and market forces |
| Karl Marx | German philosopher who believed that equality could only be achieved by limiting personal freedom. Created theory that capitalism would fail and be replaced by communism |
| Surplus Value of Labor | The value invested in any human-made good that can be used by another individual. Exploitation occurs when one person or group extracts the surplus value from another. (Time/effort placed in making product) |
| Problem of Surplus Value of Labor | Political power is used to extract surplus values from others. Capitalist take time/energy cost from the producer |
| What sets human beings apart from other animals | Ability to create objects with their own innate value, leads to economic injustice |
| Marx Belief | Structures, rather than people or ideas, made history |
| Base | System of economic production: Technology (Means of Production) and class relations that exist as result (Relations of Production) |
| Means of Production | Level of technology in the base |
| Relations of Production | Class relations that result from base's technology |
| Superstructure | All human institutions: Politics/state, national identity, culture, religion, and gender |
| Marx View on Superstructure | Created to justify and perpetuate the existing order |
| False Consciousness | People believe they understand the true nature of the world around them, but in reality they are deluded by the superstructure imposed by capitalism |
| Communist Belief on Liberal Democracy | System created to delude the exploited into thinking they have a say in their political destiny when in fact wealthy control politics. |
| Phases of Exploitation | Marx belief that human history developed in phases, each driven by a particular kind of exploitation Feudalism Capitalist Democracy Dictatorship of the Proletarial Communist Utopia |
| Bourgeoisie | Early Capitalist, property-owning middle class |
| Dialectal Materialism | Sudden and violent and would pace way for new economic base and superstructure. Not evolutionary, but revolutionary |
| Thesis | Existing order of a phase |
| Antithesis | Challenge to the existing order/thesis in a phase |
| Synthesis | Historical change and transition to new phase |
| Proletariat | Working Class |
| Lead-up to Proletariat Dictatorship | Technology replacing workers, unprofitable businesses go bankrupt. Bourgeoisie growing smaller and smaller, concentration in fewer hands. Monopolies dominate economy. |
| Gain Consciousness of Proletariat | Working class realize true source of poverty and rise in rebellion to seize control of the state/economy. Saw as international revolution among all capitalist countries. |
| Dictatorship of the Proletariat | Last vestiges of capitalism, particularly the old remnants of the superstructure would be swept away. Temporary period after capitalism |
| Lenin | Believed that revolution could be carried out in less advanced countries if leaders constructed vanguard of proletariat. Communism spread where level of economic development was relatively low. |
| Mao Zedong | Led Communist Party and fought against Chinese rivals and Japanese occupiers during World War Two. Modified Communism to focus on peasantry instead of working class, because of China's agrarian nature. Led Cultural Revolution |
| Cultural Revolution | Encouragement of public by Mao Zedong, especially students, to attack any institution or individual that was either a remnant of pre-communist China or lacked revolutionary zeal. Focused on party-state |
| Vanguard of Proletariat | Term by Lenin for a small revolutionary movement that could seize power on behalf of the people, who may lack the consciousness to rise up |
| Communist Party | Small vanguard organization whose leading role in the country was normally written into the constitution--protecting it from being removed from power. Alternative organizations and ideologies making up civil society seen as hostile to communism/repressed |
| Nomenklatura | Politically sensitive or influential jobs in the state, society, or economy that were staffed by people chosen or approved by the Communist Party |
| Politburo | Cabinet of Communist Party |
| Central Committee | Legislature for Communist Party |
| Cells | Basic party organizations of Communist Party |
| Party-state | Communist state of China from Mao Zedong. Believed had grown conservative over time and restricted his power. Party more powerful than leader. |
| Great Leap Forward in China | Attempt at rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture in China by Mao Zedong. |
| Central Planning | Replacement of market with state bureaucracy, which explicitly allocates resources by planning what should be produced in what amounts, setting the final prices of these goods, and deciding where they should be sold. |
| Glasnost | Gorbachev policy encouraging public debate with the hope that a frank discussion of the system's shortcomings would help foster change and increase the legitimacy of the regime |
| Perestroika | Policy of Gorbachev of restructure. Actual institutional reform in the economy and political system that would flow from Glasnost critique |
| Coup d'etat | Illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus |
| Shock Therapy | Rapid market reforms that would free prices and bring an end to central planning and state subsidies for business. Initially painful and may trigger high rates of inflation, but would end pain sooner than gradualism |
Created by:
Kittentms
Popular AP Comparative Gov. sets