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psychU6M26
learning, classical conditioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| learning | relatively permanent or stable change in behavior/cognitive processes as a result of learning/practice |
| conditioning/associative learning | acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well defined stimuli |
| classical conditioning | Pairing of an involuntary response with a previously neural stimulus |
| neutral stimulus (NS) | no effect of response |
| unconditional stimulus (US) | causes organism to respond in a specific way without learning |
| unconditioned response (UR) | natural response to US |
| conditioned stimulus (CS) | NS paired with US product desired response |
| conditioned response (CR) | learned response to a CS |
| pavlov's "before" step of classical conditioning | NS (bell) means US (food)>>> UR (salivation) |
| pavlov's "during" step of classical conditioning | NS (bell) means US (FOOD) >>> UR (salivation) |
| pavlov's "after" step of classical conditioning | CS (bell) >>> CR (salivation) |
| little albert experiment? | watson conditioned albert's fear of loud noises with white rats |
| examples of classical conditioning | half sheet of paper>>quiz, keys jingling>>andy will leave |
| acquisition | 1st stage where NS and unconditioned are linked with enough frequency that the NS will elicit the CR |
| higher order conditioning | CS paired w/a new NS, creating a 2nd CS |
| extinction | elimination of a CR, where the CS is presented without the US repeatedly |
| spontaneous recovery | reappearance of an extinguished CR after time without further training |
| stimulus generalization | tendency for similar stimuli to make similar responses to the conditioned response |
| stimulus discrimination | distinguish btwn conditioned stimulus and stimuli that don't signal an unconditioned stimulus |
| how is stimulus generalization and discrimination related to Pavlov's experiment? | pavlov's dogs would salivate when rubbed, and also drool when scratched respond to a bell, not a door opening |
| contingencies | the order and spacing of the "if-then" relationship between the conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
| forward conditioning | CS presented before the US |
| delay conditioning | CS is present until the US begins to overlap |
| simultaneous conditioning | CS and US are presented at the same time |
| backward conditioning | US is presented before the CS |
| intermittent pairing | we only associate conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus |
| conditioned taste aversion/garcia effect | once you get sick after being exposed to a taste, you only need one trial to become aversive to it. as a result it has a high resistance to extinction and is introduced by forwards or backwards conditioning. |
| why is pavlov's work important? (2) | classical conditioning helps organisms adapt to environment, learning can be studied objectively |
Created by:
allyson.lee
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