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psych U7M32
memory storage and retrieval
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how is the frontal lobe associated with memory? | working memory processing (past experience recall) and visual scene recall |
| how is the hippocampus associated with memory? | STM; Explicit memories of names, images, and events are stored here. Helps remember verbal, visual, and location-wise memory |
| how is the cerebellum associated with memory? | forms and stores implicit memories created by CLASSICAL conditioning (procedural memory) |
| how is the basil ganglia associated with memory? | forms memories for skills that we learn. It receives input from the cortex but doesn't send back info to the cortex for conscious awareness of the learning. |
| how is the amygdala associated with memory? | (must be) activated by stress hormones; initiates memory trace in frontal lobes and basil ganglia to boost activity in the brain's memory areas. |
| flashbulb memory | A clear memory of an episodic event (9/11) |
| what neurotransmitters are associated with forgetting | norepinephrine and seretonin; when a seal slug was conditioned to defend itself against squirts of water, and its neural connections were analyzed seretonin was seen being released. |
| long-term potentiation | increase in firing potentiation after rapid stimulation; strengthens neural pathways; learning |
| what evidence shows that LTP is a physical basis for memory? | When rats had their LTP enhanced, they learned maze with half the usual # of mistakes |
| recognition | identifying items that were previously learned (M.C) |
| recall | retrieving info not in conscious awareness but was learned previously (fill in the blank; no word bank; harder than recognition) |
| relearning | learning something more quickly when you learn it again/at a later time (studying) |
| what was ebbinghaus's study | he read aloud syllables, then tried to recall them. the more he rehearsed, the easier it was to recall the list. |
| what is priming | the unconscious activation of associations we have memorized |
| context dependent memory | improved recall when the circumstances present at encoding and retrieval are the same (when you forget 2do something) |
| state dependent memory | improved recall when we are in the same emotion/state |
| serial position effect | tendency to recall the last items in a list best and the first items best |
| primacy | recalling the earliest items (after a delay from trying to memorize the list) |
| recency | recalling the last items (when there's no break from trying to memorize) |
| which 2 brain structures are associated with explicit memories? | frontal lobe and hippocampus |
| which 2 brain structures are associated with implicit memories? | cerebellum and basil ganglia |
| significance of ebbinghaus's study | distributed practice>>more info goes into LTM; few sec/minute pause until you forget(Additional rehearsal of verbal info increases memory/learning) |
| how does the significance of priming relate to memory | while walking by, if a person saw a poster of a missing child, there would be a primed interpretation of an adult kidnapper |
| where is the STM located | prefrontal and temporal lobes (storage) |
| where is the LTM located | (prefrontal?) cortex/semantic and episodic memory in frontal and temporal lobes |
| context-dependent (type of retrieval) | situation in which the memory was first stored |
| state-dependent (type of retrieval) | same emotional state when the memory was first stored |
| spacing effect | distributing practice over time>>better memory |
| testing effect | more testing of info>>better memory |
| eidetic memory (photographic memory) | sharp and detailed images of something seen; kept in LTM |
| the diff btwn iconic and eidetic memory | iconic=STM, eidetic=LTM |
Created by:
allyson.lee
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