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Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aberrant Control of Thought | delusions are false beliefs that remain fixed in one's mind despite illogical bases and a lack of evidence to support them |
| Antipsychotics, major tranquilizers or neuroleptics | the 1st antipsychotic drugs that helped people to be treated in the community instead of institutions, help control the flagrant behavior patterns in schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations and reduce the need for long term hospitalization. |
| Attentional Deficiencies | ,difficulty filtering out irrelevant stimuli, making it nearly impossible to focus attention, organize thoughts or filtering out unessential information that is frequently seen in schizophrenia |
| Auditory Hallucinations | may involve hearing voices, most common form of hallucinations that affect about 75% of schizophrenics |
| Biomedical Theories | suggest that schizophrenia occurs from irregularities in the use of dopamine in the complex networks of neurons in the brain |
| Blocking | involuntary, abrupt interruption of speech or thought |
| Catatonic Behavior | severely impaired cognitive and motor functioning with possible loss of environmental awareness and fixed or rigid posture with highly excitable purposeless behavior or a slowed down behavior to a state of stupor |
| Clanging | stringing together of words or sounds based on rhyming |
| Command Hallucinations | voices that tell people to perform certain acts such as harming themselves or others, these hallucinations are associated with higher risk of violent behavior |
| Disturbances of Volition | negative symptoms with a loss of initiative to pursue goal-directed activities |
| Dopamine Hypothesis | notes that in schizophrenia there is an overactivity of dopamine transmission in the brain |
| Ego Boundaries | failure to recognize oneself or be unclear about their own experiences |
| Eye Movement Dysfunctions | difficulty tracking a slow-moving target across one's field of vision, jerky eye movements caused by deficits in the brain's control of visual attention |
| Flat Affect, | an absence of emotional expression in the face or voice |
| Genetic Factors, | the closer the genetic relationship between people with schizophrenia and their family members, the greater the likelihood that their relatives will have schizophrenia as well. |
| Hallucinations | sensory perceptions experienced in the absence of external stimulation that are difficult to distinguish from reality and can involve various senses so that one may see, feel, hear or smell things that aren't there |
| Negative Symptoms | affect one's daily functioning and include features like a lack of emotion or emotional expression, loss of motivation, loss of pleasure, social withdrawal or isolation and limited output of speech ("poverty of speech"). |
| Neologisms | made up words that have little or no meaning to others |
| Olfactory Hallucinations | smelling odors that aren't there, rare type of hallucination |
| Perseveration, | inappropriate but persistent repetition of the same words or train of thought |
| Positive Symptoms | symptoms involve a break from reality with the appearance of hallucinations and delusional thinking |
| Poverty of speech | speech that is coherent but so slow, limited in quantity or vague that little information is conveyed |
| Prodromal phase | subtle symptoms that involve unusual thoughts or perceptions (not delusions or hallucinations), decreasing interest in social activities, difficulty meeting responsibilities and impaired cognitive functioning. |
| Residual phase | some have their behavior return to the level of the prodromal phase. Flagrant psychotic behavior isn't present but there are still significant cognitive, social and emotional impairments which can interfere with social and occupational functioning. |
| Somatic Hallucinations | i.e. feeling like snakes are crawling inside one's belly are common |
| Tactile Hallucinations | may involve tingling, electrical or burning sensations |
| tardive dyskinesia (TD)- | a major risk of using neuroleptics long term can lead to frequent eye blinking, involuntary chewing and eye movements, lip smacking and puckering, facial grimacing and involuntary movements of the limbs and trunk |
| Thought disorder | disorganized, illogical organization of thought, thought processes and thought content that are disturbed |
| Visual Hallucinations | seeing things that aren't there |
| Waxy flexibility | adoption of a fixed posture in which they have been positioned by others and will be unresponsive for hours |
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