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Psych Test 4 (final)

Adjustment & Maladjustment, pg 631-641 (Lecture 43, Cole)

QuestionAnswer
Name 3 measures that could apply to defining someone as "normal" vs. "abnormal". 1. Personal values of a given diagnostician 2. Cultural expectations (currently live in) 3. Expect. from person's culture of origin 4. General ssumptions about human nature 5. Statistical deviation from the norm 6. Harmfulness, suffering, impairment
Explain how the personal values of a diagnostician could unfairly predict wether a person is "normal" or "abnormal". Give an example. The diagnosis could depend on unusual beliefs of the person making the judgements, such as a conviction that women should never work.
Give an example of how statistical deviation from the norm could unfairly predict whether a person is "normal" or "abnormal". An extremely well-adjusted or highly intelligent person could be judged abnormal.
Name the 3 most commonand basic criteria that affect "normlacy" vs. "abnormalcy". 1. Time 2. Place 3. Value judgements
What are the 3 behaviours observed to judge abnormalcy? 1. Distress (to self or others) 2. Dysfunction (for person or society) 3. Deviancy (violating social norms)
Conduct within every society is regulated by what? norms
Norms Behavioural rules that specify how people are expected to think, feel, and behave.
Abnormal behaviour Behaviour that is personally distressful, personally dysfunctional and/or so culturally deviant that other people judge it to be inappropriate or maladaptive.
Trephination A procedure to release the spirit (the source of 'abnormal behaviour') in which a sharp tool was used to chisel a hole in the skull. Patients would often not survive.
What was the first demonstration that a psychological disorder was caused by an underlying physical malady? General paresis: characterized by its advanced stages in of mental deterioration and bizarre behaviour, it is the result of massive brain deterioration caused by the sexually transmitted disease syphilis.
Vulnerability-stress Model A model that explains behaviour disorders as resulting from predisposing biological or psychological vulnerability factors that are triggered by a stressor.
Name 2 of the 6 vulnerability factors that can predispose psychological disorders. 1. Genetic factors 2. Biological characteristics 3. Psychological traits (ex: personality: low self-esteem) 4. Previous maladaptive learning (ex: severe trauma) 5. Low social support
Stressor Some recent or current event that requires a person to cope.
Name 2 of the 4 stressors that can trigger psychological disorders. 1. Economic adversity 2. Environmental trauma 3. Interpersonal stresses or losses 4. Occupational setbacks or demands
Reliability In psychological testing, the consistency with which a measure assesses a given characteristic, or different observers agree on a given score; the degree to which clinicians show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions.
Validity The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to; the degree to which a diagnostic system's categories contain the core features of the behaviour disorders and permit differentiation among the disorders.
What is the most widely used diagnostic classification system in North America? DSM-5
High negative emotionality Distress, anixety, depression
High schizotypy Odd, unusual thinking
High disinhibition Impulsivity, irresponsibility, acting out
High introversion Social withdrawal, intimacy avoidance
High antagonism Manipulation, hostility/ aggression
High compulsivity Perfectionism, rigidity
What are the 2 important legal concepts in relation to psychiatric diagnoses? Competency and insanity
Insanity is a ________ term, not a _____________ one. Legal, psychological
What are 2 important factors in a diagnostic classification system? Reliability and validity
Competency A legal decision that a defendant is mentally capable of understanding the nature of criminal charges, participating meaningfully in a trial, and consulting with a lawyer. Not refering to the crime itself: competency of grasping the legal procedure.
Insanity A legal decision that a defendant was so severely impaired at the time a crime was committed that he or she was incapable of appreciating the wrongfulness of the act or of controlling his or her behaviour.
Created by: jarnol33
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