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Psych Test 4 (final)
Adjustment & Maladjustment: pg 670-680 (Lecture 46, Cole)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 6 personality disorders included in the DSM-5? | 1. Antisocial 2. Narcissistic 3. Borderline 4. Avoidant 5. Obsessive-compulsive 6. Schizotypal |
| Which personality disorder is the most destructive to society? | Antisocial |
| Personality disorders | Stable, inflexible, and maladaptive personality styles. |
| Antisocial personality disorder | A disorder involving behaviour that is interpersonally destructive and emotionally harmful and exhibits a lack of conscience. |
| What are the 2 clusters of behaviours associated with psychopathy? | 1: selfishness, callousness, and interpersonal manipulation 2: impulsivity, instability, and social deviance |
| Why do antisocial personalities fail to respond to punishment? | Because of their lack of anxiety, punishment deter them from engaging in self-defeating or illegal acts again and again. |
| At what age can a person be diagnosed as having an antisocial personality disorder? | 18 |
| The beehavioural pattern of antisocial personality disorder begins at what stage in life? | Childhood |
| What are the 2 biological factors of antisocial personality disorder? | Genetic and physiological |
| What causes the physiological basis of antisocial personality disorder? | Dysfunction in brain structures that govern emotional arousal and behavioural self-control, particularly the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. |
| What did Checknita's study conclude about monoamine oxidase A activity? | MAOA gene is deficient in individuals with antisocial personality disorder. MAOA regulates serotonin, and deficiency can lead to impulsive aggression. |
| How do psychoanalytic theorists regard antisocial personality disorder? | They see it as lacking a conscience. They therefore suggest that those individuals lack anxiety and guilt because they did not develop an adequate superego. which in turn reudces restraints on id and results in impulsive and hedonistic behaviour. |
| Borderline personality disorder (BPD) | A collection of symptoms characterized primarily by serious instability in behaviour, emotion, identity, and interpersonal relationships. |
| Describe an individual with BPD. | Intense and unstable personal relationships. Experience chronic feelings of extreme anger, loneliness and emptiness. Momentary losses of personal identity. Inclined to impulsive behaviour. Repetitive, self-destructive behaviour. |
| Describe traits of many parents of borderline individuals. | Inconsistent parenting. Abusive, threatening, rejecting, and non-affirming. Early lack of acceptance by parents may cripple self-esteem and lead to clinging dependency and inability to cope with seperation. |
| BPD reflects an interaction between what 2 factors? | Biological factors and early history rejection (ie trauma, psychological and/or physical abandonment). |
| Splitting | The failure to integrate positive and negative aspects of another's behaviour into a coherent whole. |
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | Disorder in which problems may take the form of attentional difficulties, hyper-activity impulsivity, or a combination of the two that results in impaired functioning. |
| What is the most common childhood disorder? | ADHD |
| Autistic spectrum disorder | Long-term disorder characterized by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviour patterns. |
| At what age do autistic symptoms begin to show? How long do they last? | In the first 3 years of life (unresponsiveness and lack of interest in others). Lifelong disorder. |
| What is the central feature of autism? Explain. | Lack of social responsiveness. Typically do not reach out or make eye contact with parents. Don't seem to recognize or care who is around them. Do not engage in normal play with peers or adults, and often don't even acknowledge their presence. |
| How does autism affect language and communication? | Half of autistic children do not develop language. The language that does develop is often strange; repetition of words and phrases with little recognition of meaning. |
| Autism has a strong ________ basis, especially within the _______. | biological, brain |
| Dementia | The gradual loss of cognitive abilities that accompanies brain deterioration and interferes with normal functioning. |
| At what point in the lifespan are people at a greater risk of dementia? | Elderly |
| Name 3 types/causes of dementia. | Alzheimers disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, etc. |
| What is the name for dementia beginninng after the age of 65? | Senile dementia |
| The appearance of dementia symptoms is _______. | gradual |
| Name 3 symptoms of dementia. | Memory impairment, poor judgement, confusion, language problems, disorientation. |
| Alzheimer's disease | A brain disorder that is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, accounting for about 60 percent of senile dementias. |
| What is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly? | Alzheimer's disease |
| Alzheimer's is caused by what? | Deterioration in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, including the hippocampus, a subcortical structure involved in memory. |
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jarnol33
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