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Psy Chapt 9

Psychology chapter 9

TermDefinition
developmental psychology The study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior.
Prenatal period Which begins with conception and ends with birth.
Infancy period Which begins at birth and lasta 18 to 24 months.
Childhood period Which begins at end of infancy and lasts until somewhere between ages 11 to 14
Adolescence period Which begins at the end of childhood and lasts until somewhere between 18 and 21 years.
Adulthood period Which begins at the end of adolescence and lasts until death.
synaptic pruning A process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, and those that are not used are lost.
Teratogens Agents that harm the embryo or fetus.
Dynamic systems theory The view that development is a self-organizing process, in which new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions between a biological being and cultural and environmental contexts.
infantile amnesia The inability to remember events from early childhood.
attachment A strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances.
Secure attachment The attachment style for a majority of infants; the infant is confident enough to play in an unfamiliar environment as long as the caregiver is present and is readily comforted by the caregiver during times of distress.
Insecure attachment The attachment style for a minority of infants; the infant may exhibit insecure attachment through various behaviors, such as avoiding contact with the caregiver, or by alternating between approach and avoidance behaviors.
assimilation The process by which new information is placed into an existing scheme.
accommodation The process by which a new scheme is created or an existing scheme is drastically altered to include new information that otherwise would not fit into the scheme.
sensorimotor stage 1st stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, infants acquire information about the world through their senses and motor skills. Reflexive responses develop into more deliberate actions through the development, refinement of schemes.
object permanence The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen.
preoperational stage The second stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; during this stage, children think symbolically about objects, but they reason based on intuition and superficial appearance rather than logic.
concrete operational stage The third stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; during this stage, children begin to think about and understand logical operations, and they are no longer fooled by appearances.
formal operational stage The final stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; in this stage, people can think abstractly, and they can formulate and test hypotheses through deductive logic.
theory of mind The ability to understand that other people have mental states that influence their behavior.
preconventional level Earliest level of moral development; at this level, self-interest and event outcomes determine what is moral.
conventional level Middle stage of moral development; at this level, strict adherence to societal rules and the approval of others determine what is moral.
postconventional level Highest stage of moral development; at this level, decisions about morality depend on abstract principles and the value of all life.
social intuitionist model The idea that moral judgments reflect people’s initial and automatic emotional responses.
puberty The onset of sexual maturity that marks the beginning of adolescence.
Gender identity Personal beliefs about whether one is male or female.
gender role The characteristics associated with males and females because of cultural influence or learning.
Created by: Haleyannestes
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