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Psy307 Evol p.12-22
vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
William D. Hamilton | theory of inclusive fitness (1964) |
inclusive fitness theory | sum of an individual's reproductive success (classical fitness) plus the effects the individual's actions have on the success of genetic relatives |
genetic relatedness | .5-sibling, .25-grandparents and grandchildren, .125-first cousins, etc. |
gene's eye thinking | how would gene facilitate it's replication |
genetic replication | vehicle survival, vehicle reproduction, reproduction of vehicles with copies |
adaptations | promote inclusive fitness |
George C. Williams | wrote Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966) |
group selection | adaptations evolved for the group benefit through the differential survival and reproduction of groups (weak support) |
adaptations | evolved solutions to specific problems that contribute directly or indirectly to successful reproductions |
adaptations criteria | reliability, efficiency, economy |
reliability | mechanism develops in most members |
efficiency | solve adaptive problem |
economy | without huge costs |
improbable usefulness | function too precise to have arisen by chance alone |
Robert Trivers | reciprocal altruism among nonkin (1971), parental investment theory (1972), parent-offspring conflict (1974) |
Edward O. Wilson | Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975) |
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis | synthesis of cellular biology, integrative neurophysiology, ethology, comparative psychology, population biology, and behavioral ecology |
genetic determanism | behavior is controlled exclusively by genes with little environmental influence |
interactionist framework | evolved adaptations and environmental input that triggers the development and activation of these adaptations |
friction free environments | prevent the activation of underlying callus-triggers mechanisms |
alter social behavior | with knowledge of evolved social psychological adaptation and social inputs |
current adaptive mechanisms | not optimally designed |
evolutionary time lags | existing humans designed for previous environments |
costs of adaptation | selection favors a mechanism when the benefits outweigh the costs relative to other designs |
vertebrates | 500 million years ago |
primates | 85 million years ago |
apes | 35 million years ago |
bipedal primate | 4.4 million years ago |
stone tools (Oldowan) | 2.5 million years ago |
human common ancester | 150 thousand years ago |
mammals | 200 million years ago |
placental mammals | 114 million years ago |
homo habilis | 1.8 million years ago (handy man) |