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McCrary Unit 2
McCrary's AP Psychology Unit 2, History of Psych, from 18-19 school year
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| behavioral psychology | the scientific study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning |
| personality psychology | the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
| The Nature-Nurture Issue | the long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behavior(today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from interaction of nature and nurture) |
| SQ3R | A study method of incorporating 5 steps; survey, question, read retrieve, review |
| Biological psychology | the study of the links between biological and psychological processes |
| social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| cognitive psychology | the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| Wilhelm Wundt | established the first psychology lab in Leipzig, studied the fastest and simplest of mental processes(atoms of the mind)(structuralist) |
| evolutionary psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection |
| Industrial organizational (I/O) psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces |
| stanley hall | established the first formal us psychology lab in 1883 |
| humanistic psychology | an approach that focuses of how we must meet our needs for love and acceptance to achieve self fulfillment |
| human factors psychology | an I/O psych subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use |
| structuralism | early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind |
| psychodynamic psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that info to treat people with psychological disorders |
| counseling psychology | a branch of psych that assists people with problems in living often related to work school or marriage and in achieving a greater wellbeing |
| functionalism | early school of thought promoted by james and influenced by darwin, explored how mental processes and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish |
| social-cultural psychology | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking |
| clinical psychology | a branch of psych that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
| Mary Calkins | a pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to become a president of the American Psychological Association |
| Psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders practiced by physicians who sometimes provide people with medical treatments along with psychological therapy |
| Margaret Washburn | the first woman to receive a psychology PhD, synthesized animal behavior in "the animal mind" |
| basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| positive psychology | the scientific study of human functioning with the goals of studying and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals in communities to thrive |
| waston and skinner | both separately dismissed introspection; watson championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditional responses on a baby, skinner studied how consequences shape behavior |
| developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan |
| behaviorism | the view that psychology 1) should be an objective science and 2) that studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2 |
| humanistic psychology | a historically significant perspective that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people |
| experimental psychology | the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method |
| rogers and maslow | led the humanistic psychologists, focusing on how nature and enviro influences can nurture or limit our growth potential and the importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied |
| cognitive neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition |
| psychology | the science of behavioral and mental processes |
| charles darwin | argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies |
| levels of analysis | the different complementary views from biological to psychosocial to social cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon |
| community psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups |
| biopsychosocial approach | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, social-cultural levels of analysis |
| educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |
| testing effect | enhanced learning after retrieving rather than just rereading information |
| seven approaches to psychology | behavioral, biological, cognitive, evolutionary, psychodynamic, social-cultural, humanistic |
| empiricism | the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation |
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abyrd6067
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