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Adolescent Psych C1
Biological changes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adolescence | is a period of life involving biological changes(puberty), psychological changes( cognitive development), and social changes (different roles in society) |
| Adolescence ( Chronological age) | Early 10-13 Middle 14-17 Late 18-21 Emerging adult 21-25 |
| Puberty | as a period of lifespan which an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction hormones regulated by the endocrine system to lead to physical changes no new hormones = no new bodily systems |
| What triggers puberty? | Not certain hat triggers puberty, the biggest contender appears to be a threshold of body fat, which triggers changes to the hypothalamus which is a part of the endocrine system |
| The Endocrine System | produces, circulates, and regulates hormone levels in the body |
| Hormones | chemical messengers that effect the functioning of the other organs |
| Endocrine Glands | produces hormones and secrete them into the blood |
| HPG | Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonad important for regulating the sex hormones that cause the changes of puberty involves feedback loop |
| Hypothalamus | fat threshold appears to cause the hypothalamus to begin increasing its production of GnRH ( happens 1-2 years before puberty |
| GnRH | Gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| Pituitary Gland | increased in GnRH causes the pituitary gland to release gonadotropins: FSH (follicle stimulating hormone LH: luteinizing hormone |
| Gonads | Fsh and LH stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones |
| Sex Hormones | cause observable changes like body hair and growth and breast development |
| Estrogen | estradiol between pre/puberty females produce about 8x more, males produce about 2x more |
| Androgen | Testosterone Males produce about 20x more, females produce about 4x more |
| Adrenal glands and Thyroid | before and during puberty the pituitary gland and hypothalamus stimulate the adrenal glands and thyroid to produce chemicals in which effect various bodily systems and overall body growth |
| Adrenarche | is the maturation of the adrenal glands that occurs during adolescence ( by around age 10) is linked to the beginnings of sexual feelings and body odor |
| Set Point | puberty essentially begins a new "set point" for the sex hormones The hypothalamus allows more sex hormones to be released in the blood stream, causing the changes in growth, appearance seen in puberty |
| Major physical changes of Puberty | reproductive capability Development of secondary sex characteristics ( breasts, body hair) Adolescent growth spurt Changes in muscle and fat development |
| Hypothalamus is like a ..... | thermostat |
| Sexual Reproduction Capability ( primary sex characteristics) | development of gonads (ovaries and testes) Hormones cause ovulation in females and production of sperm for males |
| Females (primary sex characteristics) | Menarche: first menstruation Ovulation: maturing of the eggs Elongation of the uterus |
| Males (primary sex characteristics) | Development of seminal vesicles, prostate, testes Production of sperm |
| Secondary Sex Characteristics | Are not directly related to sexual reproduction Ex. Breasts and body hair Sequence and timing is a variable between sexes and between individuals |
| Sexual Maturation (Boys) | physically capable to reproduction before they appear like an adult |
| Sexual Maturation ( girls) | appear physically mature before reproductively ready |
| Timing / Tempo of puberty caused by an intersection between genes and environment | Genetic Predisposition, Nutrient, health, presence of a stepfather , childhood abuse, family conflict |
| Reasons for decline in age of menarche | improved nutrition, sanitation, control of infectious diseases Obesity, exposure to chemicals and changes in diet |
| Psychological Impact of Puberty (males) | Pros= popularity Cons= more drug/alcohol use, crime = greater impact of victimization/ being bullied |
| Psychological Impact of Puberty (females) | Pros= boys attention Cons= lowered self image, higher rates of depression, eating disorders, anxiety, smoking Problems consists into adulthood |
| Maturational Deviance Hypothesis | early maturing girls will develop before both boys and girls, so they will be different then all their peers |
| Developmental Readiness Hypothesis | coping skills not developed |
| Culture and body type ideals | being tall or gaining fat are not seen as positive aspects of development for girls |
| Sex | being biologically male or female |
| Gender | being socially or culturally male or female |
| Intersex | having biological sex characteristics that do not fit the typical male / female designation |
| Adolescent growth spurt | release of growth hormone, thyroid hormone and androgens Growth hormone is released by the pituitary gland which is controlled by the hypothalamus |
| Growth spurt = | Peak height velocity |
| On average the____ growth spurt is 2 years earlier than the age of the ____ growth spurt | 1female 2male |
| Shows the end of Growth | Closing the end of long bones (epiphysis) |
| For both sexes they will reach the level of growth only seen previously at age__ | 2 |
| What body parts are the first, second and last to grow | 1. Extremities: hands, feet and head 2. Arms and legs 3. Torso, shoulders and chest |
| Muscle Mass for males | males will reach a higher muscle mass than females at age 14 |
| Muscle Mass for females | females steadies out at the age 14 |
| Body fat average for females | have higher body fat levels compared to men at age 7 a steep rise in body fat levels throughout adolescence steadies out at age 16-18 |
| Cisgender | a persons gender matches their sex |
| Transgender | a persons gender identity doesn't match their sex |
| Body Image | represent how we feel, think and perceive our bodies |
| Body Satisfaction | if we are satisfied with our body |
| Poor body image can lead to : (5) | steroid use, low self-esteem, depression, disordered eating, and eating disorders |
| Disordered eating | unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes |
| Bulimia | eating binges; force themselves to vomit to avoid wight gain 3% of adolescents |
| Anorexia | starve themselves to keep the weight down less than 1% 20% of those are fatal |
| Bulimia and anorexia are __ x more common in females than males | 10 |
| Binge eating | binge eating without compensation through extreme weight loss measures like vomiting or exercise |
| Adolescent health care.... | differs from those of children and adults they are less vulnerable to disease than any other age group focused on illness prevention and health promotion |
| Canadian youth are prone to... | injuries, STD's and obesity |
| Leading cause of death for adolescents | injuries and poisoning |
| _____ are the leading causes of death for aboriginal youth -44 yrs | suicide and self inflicted injuries |
| Aboriginal youth are __ x more than non | 5-6 |
| Effects of Colonization | mental health problems and illnesses substance abuse homelessness suicide infectious diseases type 2 diabetes disruption of attachment sense of disconnect in community weakened sense of cultural identity poverty |
Created by:
MeganCloet
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