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Learning_6

QuestionAnswer
(1) a discriminative stimulus that precedes the response and signals a consequence is available, (2) a response that produces a certain consequence, (3) the consequence that increases or decreases the probability of that response Components of an operant conditioning process. (3)
an antecedent event, a behavior, a consequence; notice something, do something, get something three-term contingency (ABC) (2)
avoidance behavior Behavior that occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented and therefore prevents its delivery.
contrived reinforcer A reinforcer deliberately arranged to modify a behavior, not a typical consequence of the behavior in that setting.
discriminative stimulus (SD) A stimulus in the presence of which responses are reinforced and in the absence of which they are not reinforced.
discriminative stimulus for extinction (S∆) Label for a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement.
discriminative stimulus for punishment Label for a stimulus that signals that a response will be punished.
escape behavior A behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
extrinsic reinforcement The reinforcement provided by a consequence that is external to the behavior.
generalized (or generalized secondary) reinforcer A type of secondary reinforcer that has been associated with several other reinforcers.
intrinsic reinforcement Reinforcement provided by the mere act of performing the behavior; its performance is inherently reinforcing.
law of effect (Thorndike) The proposition that behaviors that lead to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened, "stamped in," while behaviors that lead to an unsatisfying or annoying state of affairs are weakened, "stamped out."
natural reinforcer A reinforcer that is a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting.
negative punishment The removal of a stimulus (usually pleasant or rewarding) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.
negative reinforcement The removal of a stimulus (usually unpleasant or aversive) following a response, which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response.
operant behavior A class of emitted responses that result in certain consequences and, in turn, affect the future probability or strength of those responses.
operant conditioning A type of learning in which the future probability of a behavior is affected by its consequences.
positive punishment The presentation of a stimulus (usually unpleasant or aversive) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.
positive reinforcement The presentation of a stimulus (usually pleasant or rewarding) following a response, which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response.
primary reinforcer (unconditioned reinforcer) An event that is innately reinforcing. (2)
punisher An event that (1) follows a behavior and (2) decreases the future probability of that behavior.
reinforcer An event that (1) follows a behavior and (2) increases the future probability of that behavior.
secondary reinforcer (conditioned reinforcer) An event that is reinforcing because it has been associated with some other reinforcer. (2)
shaping The gradual creation of new operant behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations to that behavior.
the reward is (1) expected, (2) tangible, (3) given for simply performing the activity Conditions when rewards undermine intrinsic motivation. (3)
three-term contingency The relationship between a discriminative stimulus, an operant behavior, and a reinforcer or punisher.
Created by: Moody
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