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McCrary Unit 13
Unit 13 Testing/Individual differences unit, 18-19 class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores |
| Charles Spurgeon | came up with the concept of general intelligence, g, that underlies all other behaviors and special skills or talents in relation to another, can be found by factor analysis |
| general intelligence(g) | a general intelligence factor that according to Spurgeon and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on a general intelligence test |
| factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items(factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score |
| Howard Gardener | viewed intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages. One area may be damaged, others remain intact |
| savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise diminished in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill such as computations or drawing |
| the 8 intelligences | Gardener's aspects of intelligence that are separate; naturalist, linguistics, logical-mathematical, musical. spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal |
| grit | in psychology, the passion and perseverance in pursuit of long term goals |
| Robert Sternberg | agrees there's much mores to success than traditional intelligence, but proposed a theory of 3 intelligences instead of 8 |
| Triarchic Theory | analytical(academic problem solving), intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
| mental age | a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does well as the average 8 year old is said to have a mental age of 8 |
| Lewis Terman | extended upper range of Binet's mental age test, gave revision official Stanford-BInet name, and created Termites group |
| Stanford-Binet Test | the widely used(Terman at Stanford U.) version of Binet's original intelligence test, |
| Intelligence quotient | (originally)- as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. IQ+ ma/ca times 100. (contemporary) tests, average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above/below average |
| achievement test | a test designed to assess what someone has learned |
| aptitude test | a test designed to predict a person's future performance, aptitude is the capacity to learn |
| Weschsler adult intelligence scale(WAIS) | the most widely used intelligence test, contains verbal and performance subtests |
| standardization | defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
| normal curve | the symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average and fewer and fewer near the extremes |
| Flynn effect | the increase in intelligence scores worldwide in the recent decades/century |
| reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or alternate forms of the test, or on retesting |
| validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
| content validity | the extent to which a test measures/samples the behavior of interest |
| predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is supposed to predict; it is assessed by comparing correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior |
| cohort | a group of people from a given time period |
| crystallized intelligence | our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age |
| fluid intelligence | our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tends to decrease by late adulthood |
| intellectual disability | a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by a score of 70 or lower and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life(formerly known as mental retardation) |
| Down Syndrome | a condition of mild to severe mental disability, and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 |
| Termites | Lewis Terman's extremely smart group of children who were later retested and had attained high education levels, though 2 future Nobel Peace Prize winners did not make the cut |
| heritability | the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary depending on the range of populations and environments studied. |
| stereotype threat | a self-caring concern that we will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
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